Neville Chamberlain's Premiership (1937-1940)
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Questions and Answers

Who became prime minister after Stanley Baldwin's resignation in 1937?

  • Winston Churchill
  • Neville Chamberlain (correct)
  • Lord Halifax
  • Hitler

    • The National Government under Chamberlain was able to rearm quickly due to strong public support

    False

    What was the name given to the period of inaction between the declaration of war and the start of actual fighting in April 1940?

    The 'Phoney War'

    The British Expeditionary Force was mobilised to ______________________ in 1939.

    <p>France</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the Labour Party refuse to serve under Chamberlain in May 1940?

    <p>They disagreed with Chamberlain's handling of the war</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Churchill's wartime cabinet consisted only of Conservative politicians

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following politicians with their respective roles:

    <p>Neville Chamberlain = Prime Minister (1937-1940) Winston Churchill = Prime Minister (1940-...) Lord Halifax = Refused to become Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin = Resigned as Prime Minister (1937)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Halifax step aside and allow Churchill to become prime minister?

    <p>Because he realised he could not run the war from the House of Lords</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the title of Winston Churchill's first speech as prime minister to the House of Commons in 1940?

    <p>Blood, toil, tears and sweat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Winston Churchill's wartime cabinet served under him until the war ended in 1949.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main difference between the British wartime and peacetime economies?

    <p>The role of market forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The British government took control of war production and developed specific ministries for controlling the wartime economy, including the Ministry of ______________________.

    <p>Aircraft Production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following ministries with their responsibilities during wartime:

    <p>Ministry of Supply = Controlling war production Ministry of Food = Providing food for the population Ministry of Labour and National Service = Managing workforce and national service Ministry of War Production = Producing war equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many aircraft did Britain produce in 1940?

    <p>15,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The USA was a belligerent in the war from 1939.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the agreement arranged by Winston Churchill in 1940 to supply Britain with resources?

    <p>Lend-Lease Agreement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'Liberty Ships' provided Britain with an economic lifeline throughout the war by bringing essential raw materials such as ______________________.

    <p>oil, coal, timber, foodstuffs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the growth of state intervention in Britain in 1940?

    <p>A huge increase in war production and military expenditure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neville Chamberlain was prime minister during a period of economic ______ and falling unemployment

    <p>recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chamberlain replaced Stanley Baldwin as prime minister in ______

    <p>1937</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The British Expeditionary Force was mobilised to ______ in 1939

    <p>France</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'Phoney War' ended in ______ with a bungled British attempt to save Norway from German invasion

    <p>April 1940</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chamberlain narrowly won a vote of ______ on 7 May 1940

    <p>no confidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Churchill's wartime cabinet was a mix of ______, Labour and Liberal politicians

    <p>Conservative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Churchill included Labour politicians mainly from the ______ and right of the party who he believed were ready to place the national interest above party politics

    <p>centre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Germany's invasion of ______ occurred on the day Churchill came to power

    <p>France</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On 13 May, as the situation deteriorated in France, Churchill made his first speech as prime minister to the House of Commons offering '_____________________, toil, tears and sweat'.

    <p>blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As the German Army swept through France, the British Expeditionary Force withdrew to ______________________, trapped on the beaches and awaiting evacuation.

    <p>Dunkirk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Like the government during the First World War, Winston Churchill's government took control of war production and developed specific ministries for controlling the wartime economy, including the Ministry of ______________________.

    <p>Aircraft Production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The managed economy was to a large degree maintained by the post-war ______________________ government.

    <p>Labour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Between 1939 and 1941 the ______________________ offered Britain considerable economic help, despite the fact that the USA was neutral.

    <p>USA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By December 1940 Britain's cash and gold reserves were ______________________.

    <p>spent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Winston Churchill arranged a credit agreement, known as the ______________________ Agreement.

    <p>Lend-Lease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    These 'Liberty Ships' provided Britain with an economic lifeline throughout the war by bringing essential raw materials such as ______________________.

    <p>oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The British government took control of war production and developed specific ministries for controlling the wartime economy, including the Ministry of ______________________.

    <p>Food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 1940, when Britain appeared to be losing the war, the growth of state intervention resulted in a huge increase in war production and military ______________________.

    <p>expenditure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chamberlain's Premiership (1937-1940)

    • Neville Chamberlain became Prime Minister in 1937 after Stanley Baldwin's resignation due to ill health.
    • Chamberlain's government faced economic recovery, falling unemployment, and stable prices, but struggled with rearmament due to the growing anti-war movement.
    • Concessions were made to Nazi Germany, allowing Hitler to disregard the Treaty of Versailles, due to the desire for peace among the electorate.
    • Following the declaration of war in September 1939, the British Expeditionary Force was mobilized to France, but a seven-month stand-off ensued with little action.
    • The 'Phoney War' ended with a failed British attempt to save Norway from German invasion, leading to Norway's occupation by Germany.
    • Chamberlain faced criticism in Parliament for the handling of the war and narrowly won a vote of no confidence, but ultimately recognized it as a defeat.
    • Chamberlain attempted to form a new coalition government but was unsuccessful, paving the way for Winston Churchill to become Prime Minister.

    Churchill's Premiership (1940-1945)

    • Winston Churchill became Prime Minister on May 10, 1940, and formed a wartime cabinet with a mix of Conservative, Labour, and Liberal politicians.
    • Churchill's cabinet included Labour politicians from the center and right of the party who were willing to put national interests above party politics.
    • In his first speech as Prime Minister, Churchill offered "blood, toil, tears, and sweat" to the House of Commons, emphasizing the need for British resilience.
    • As the German army advanced through France, the British Expeditionary Force withdrew to Dunkirk, awaiting evacuation.
    • Churchill rejected calls for a negotiated settlement with Germany, arguing that Britain would become a "slave state" if it agreed to German terms.

    Creating a Managed Economy (1939-1945)

    • Winston Churchill's government took control of war production, establishing specific ministries to control the wartime economy, such as the Ministry of Aircraft Production and the Ministry of Food.
    • The government intervened in the economy, taking over essential war industries and determining production levels, rather than relying on market forces.
    • The managed economy was maintained by the post-war Labour government, particularly through the nationalization of key industries.
    • Military expenditure increased significantly, with Britain producing 15,000 aircraft in 1940, rising to 47,000 in 1944, and between 6,000 and 8,000 tanks per year.
    • The USA provided economic aid to Britain between 1939 and 1941, including the Lend-Lease Agreement, which allowed Britain to receive resources with the promise of payment after the war.
    • American 'Liberty Ships' provided Britain with an economic lifeline throughout the war, supplying essential goods and raw materials.

    Chamberlain's Premiership (1937-1940)

    • Neville Chamberlain became Prime Minister in 1937 after Stanley Baldwin's resignation due to ill health.
    • Chamberlain's government faced economic recovery, falling unemployment, and stable prices, but struggled with rearmament due to the growing anti-war movement.
    • Concessions were made to Nazi Germany, allowing Hitler to disregard the Treaty of Versailles, due to the desire for peace among the electorate.
    • Following the declaration of war in September 1939, the British Expeditionary Force was mobilized to France, but a seven-month stand-off ensued with little action.
    • The 'Phoney War' ended with a failed British attempt to save Norway from German invasion, leading to Norway's occupation by Germany.
    • Chamberlain faced criticism in Parliament for the handling of the war and narrowly won a vote of no confidence, but ultimately recognized it as a defeat.
    • Chamberlain attempted to form a new coalition government but was unsuccessful, paving the way for Winston Churchill to become Prime Minister.

    Churchill's Premiership (1940-1945)

    • Winston Churchill became Prime Minister on May 10, 1940, and formed a wartime cabinet with a mix of Conservative, Labour, and Liberal politicians.
    • Churchill's cabinet included Labour politicians from the center and right of the party who were willing to put national interests above party politics.
    • In his first speech as Prime Minister, Churchill offered "blood, toil, tears, and sweat" to the House of Commons, emphasizing the need for British resilience.
    • As the German army advanced through France, the British Expeditionary Force withdrew to Dunkirk, awaiting evacuation.
    • Churchill rejected calls for a negotiated settlement with Germany, arguing that Britain would become a "slave state" if it agreed to German terms.

    Creating a Managed Economy (1939-1945)

    • Winston Churchill's government took control of war production, establishing specific ministries to control the wartime economy, such as the Ministry of Aircraft Production and the Ministry of Food.
    • The government intervened in the economy, taking over essential war industries and determining production levels, rather than relying on market forces.
    • The managed economy was maintained by the post-war Labour government, particularly through the nationalization of key industries.
    • Military expenditure increased significantly, with Britain producing 15,000 aircraft in 1940, rising to 47,000 in 1944, and between 6,000 and 8,000 tanks per year.
    • The USA provided economic aid to Britain between 1939 and 1941, including the Lend-Lease Agreement, which allowed Britain to receive resources with the promise of payment after the war.
    • American 'Liberty Ships' provided Britain with an economic lifeline throughout the war, supplying essential goods and raw materials.

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