1.1.3, 1.2.2 and 1.3.2 Worksheet
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Questions and Answers

Who replaced Stanley Baldwin as prime minister in 1937?

  • Winston Churchill
  • Lord Halifax
  • Stanley Baldwin
  • Neville Chamberlain (correct)

    • Chamberlain's premiership was marked by a period of economic downturn and rising unemployment.

    False

    What was the name given to the seven-month stand-off between the British Expeditionary Force and Germany during World War II?

    The Phoney War

    Who did Churchill include in his wartime cabinet?

    <p>A mix of Conservative, Labour and Liberal politicians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the Labour Party refuse to serve under Chamberlain in May 1940?

    <p>Due to his incompetent handling of the war</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following individuals with their roles:

    <p>Stanley Baldwin = Resigned prime minister Neville Chamberlain = Became prime minister in 1937 Winston Churchill = Became prime minister in May 1940 Lord Halifax = Stepped aside to give the job to Churchill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chamberlain won the vote of no confidence in Parliament with a large majority.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the civilian population was involved in war work by 1944?

    <p>33 per cent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Essential Work Order in 1941 allowed employers to dismiss workers easily.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the Minister of Labour during World War II?

    <p>Ernest Bevin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ Act was used to allow semi-skilled workers to undertake formerly skilled jobs.

    <p>Control of Employment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the 'Worker's Playtime' radio programme?

    <p>To entertain workers during lunch breaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wages decreased during World War II.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the 1942 miners' strike in Kent?

    <p>The government took over the running of the coal industry and improved wages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following individuals with their roles:

    <p>Winston Churchill = Prime Minister Ernest Bevin = Minister of Labour Edward Heath = None of the above James Callaghan = None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Defence Regulation 58AA banned _______ and lockouts in 1940.

    <p>strikes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There were no strikes during World War II.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main theme of Winston Churchill's first speech as prime minister to the House of Commons?

    <p>A call to action for the British people to prepare for the challenges of war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The British government took control of war production during the Second World War.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Lend-Lease Agreement?

    <p>The agreement allowed Britain to receive economic aid from the USA, with the bill to be paid after the war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main difference between the British wartime and peacetime economies?

    <p>The role of market forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The British government maintained a managed economy after the war.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of the Second World War on employment in Britain?

    <p>It brought full employment and the deployment of large numbers of women into factories and jobs previously designated for men.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following ministries with their responsibilities:

    <p>Ministry of Aircraft Production = War production Ministry of Supply = Food distribution Ministry of War Production = War industries Ministry of Food = Agricultural production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Between 1940 and 1944, Britain produced _______________ aircraft.

    <p>47,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The USA was neutral during the Second World War.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chamberlain's Premiership, 1937-40

    • Stanley Baldwin resigned in 1937 due to ill health, and Neville Chamberlain became prime minister.
    • Chamberlain's premiership was marked by economic recovery, falling unemployment, and stable prices.
    • The National Government faced the challenge of rearmament amidst growing anti-war sentiment in Britain.
    • Chamberlain allowed concessions to Nazi Germany, leading to the 'Phoney War' in 1939.
    • The British Expeditionary Force was mobilized to France, but the war effort was marked by inaction until April 1940.
    • The Norway debate in Parliament led to Chamberlain's resignation, and Winston Churchill became prime minister.

    Churchill's Premiership, 1940-45

    • Churchill formed a coalition government with Labour and Liberal politicians.
    • He made his famous "blood, toil, tears and sweat" speech to the House of Commons in May 1940.
    • The German Army's sweep through France led to the British Expeditionary Force's withdrawal to Dunkirk.
    • Churchill's cabinet debated whether to make peace with Germany, but Churchill argued against it.
    • The government took control of war production, creating ministries for aircraft production, supply, war production, food, and labor.
    • The managed economy was maintained by the post-war Labour government, which nationalized key industries.

    Military Expenditure and Economic Aid

    • Britain had significant military equipment shortages in 1939, but rearmament efforts increased production.
    • The USA provided economic aid to Britain, despite being neutral, through the Lend-Lease Agreement and 'Liberty Ships'.
    • The agreement allowed Britain to receive resources without immediate payment, with the bill to be paid after the war.

    Changing Work Opportunities and Conditions, 1939-51

    • The Second World War brought full employment and the deployment of women into factories and male-dominated jobs.
    • By 1944, 33% of the civilian population was involved in war work, including 7 million women.
    • Wages, benefits, and working conditions improved, and unions negotiated better deals.
    • The Essential Work Order and Control of Employment Act were used to regulate employment and tie people to essential jobs.

    Industrial Relations, 1939-45

    • The relationship between trade unions and the government underwent a period of transition during the war.
    • Unions and the government worked closely together, with the government recognizing the importance of unions in the war effort.
    • Ernest Bevin, the Minister of Labour, had almost complete control over the workforce and fostered cooperation between workers and management.
    • Skilled workers and union shop stewards became powerful during the war due to labor shortages and high demand for quality work.

    Wartime Strikes

    • Despite the popular view of social peace during the war, numerous strikes and protests occurred over wages and working conditions.
    • The government introduced Defence Regulation 58AA banning strikes and lockouts in 1940.
    • Miners went on strike in 1942, leading to the government taking over the coal industry and improving wages.
    • Strikes continued throughout the war, with 514 strikes occurring in the south Wales coal fields between 1939 and 1944.

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    Learn about Neville Chamberlain's premiership, from economic recovery to the looming threat of war during a period of international instability.

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