6 Questions
What is the primary function of neurotransmitters?
To communicate signals between neurons
Which type of neurotransmitter is associated with regulation of mood?
Modulatory neurotransmitters
Where are neurotransmitters stored within the neuron?
In vesicles within the terminal button
What happens to neurotransmitters when an action potential reaches the terminal button?
They are released into the synapse
What is the result of an imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain?
Implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders
What is the process by which neurotransmitters bind to specific receptors on adjacent neurons?
Binding
Study Notes
Definition
A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that transmits signals across the synapse, allowing neurons to communicate with each other.
Functions
- Transmitting signals between neurons
- Regulating various physiological and psychological processes, such as:
- Mood
- Movement
- Appetite
- Sleep
- Memory
- Learning
- Pain perception
Types of Neurotransmitters
-
Excitatory neurotransmitters:
- Glutamate
- Aspartate
-
Inhibitory neurotransmitters:
- GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)
- Glycine
-
Modulatory neurotransmitters:
- Acetylcholine (ACh)
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
- Serotonin (5-HT)
- Histamine
Mechanism of Action
- Synthesis: Neurotransmitters are synthesized from amino acids within the neuron.
- Storage: Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within the terminal button of the neuron.
- Release: Neurotransmitters are released into the synapse when an action potential reaches the terminal button.
- Binding: Neurotransmitters bind to specific receptors on adjacent neurons.
- Signal transmission: The binding of neurotransmitters to receptors triggers a response in the postsynaptic neuron.
Imbalance and Disorders
- Neurotransmitter imbalance: An imbalance of neurotransmitters has been implicated in various disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and Parkinson's disease.
- Dysfunction: Dysfunction in neurotransmitter systems can contribute to neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Neurotransmitters
- Chemical messengers that transmit signals across the synapse, allowing neurons to communicate with each other
Functions
- Transmit signals between neurons
- Regulate various physiological and psychological processes, including:
- Mood
- Movement
- Appetite
- Sleep
- Memory
- Learning
- Pain perception
Types of Neurotransmitters
Excitatory Neurotransmitters
- Glutamate
- Aspartate
Inhibitory Neurotransmitters
- GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)
- Glycine
Modulatory Neurotransmitters
- Acetylcholine (ACh)
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
- Serotonin (5-HT)
- Histamine
Mechanism of Action
- Neurotransmitters are synthesized from amino acids within the neuron
- Neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within the terminal button of the neuron
- Neurotransmitters are released into the synapse when an action potential reaches the terminal button
- Neurotransmitters bind to specific receptors on adjacent neurons
- The binding of neurotransmitters to receptors triggers a response in the postsynaptic neuron
Imbalance and Disorders
- Neurotransmitter imbalance implicated in various disorders, including:
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Parkinson's disease
- Dysfunction in neurotransmitter systems contributes to neurological and psychiatric disorders
Explore the role of neurotransmitters in transmitting signals between neurons and regulating various physiological and psychological processes, including mood, movement, and memory.
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