15 Questions
Which brain region is responsible for reward prediction error?
Ventral tegmental area (VTA)
What is the role of amygdala neurons?
Playing a role in aversive prediction error
Which brain region inhibits the expression of learned fear?
Infra-limbic cortex
What happens when the pre-limbic cortex is inactivated?
Expression of learned fear is inhibited
Which neurotransmitter system is associated with schizophrenia and depression?
Dopamine
What is the learning paradigm where no learning occurs due to the absence of prediction error called?
Blocking
How are neurotransmitters released from the presynaptic terminal?
Exocytosis
Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for memory, potential learning, movement, and REM sleep?
Acetylcholine
Where is GABA predominantly found in the brain?
Cerebellum
Which neurotransmitter is primarily found in the brain stem and spinal cord?
Glycine
Which neurotransmitter is synthesized from glutamate using glutamic acid decarboxylase?
GABA
Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in regulating the activity of projection neurons?
GABA
Which neurotransmitter can open ion channels to create an excitatory postsynaptic potential?
Glutamate
Which neurotransmitter is broken down by acetylcholinesterase?
Acetylcholine
Which neurotransmitter is synthesized from acetyl coenzyme A and choline using choline acetyltransferase?
Acetylcholine
Study Notes
Neurotransmitter Dysfunction and its Impact on Learning and Behavior
- Dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are responsible for reward prediction error
- Amygdala neurons play a role in aversive prediction error
- Medial prefrontal cortex regulates the expression of learned behavior after extinction
- Pre-limbic cortex activates reward seeking, fear conditioning, and drug seeking
- Infra-limbic cortex switches off fear learning and promotes extinction learning
- Inactivation of pre-limbic cortex inhibits the expression of learned fear
- The amygdala is crucial for aversive prediction error and inhibiting its neurons prevents learning
- VTA dopamine neurons encode reward prediction error
- Blocking is a learning paradigm where no learning occurs due to the absence of prediction error
- Neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic terminal through exocytosis and bind to postsynaptic receptors
- The medial prefrontal cortex is necessary for the expression of learned fear and inhibition during extinction promotes retrieval of extinguished fear
- Dysfunctions in the monoamine neurotransmitter system are associated with schizophrenia and depression
Test your knowledge on neurotransmitter dysfunction and its impact on learning and behavior. Learn about the role of dopamine neurons, amygdala neurons, and various cortical regions in reward prediction, aversive prediction, fear learning, and extinction. Understand how dysfunctions in the monoamine neurotransmitter system can be linked to mental illnesses like schizophrenia and depression.
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