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Questions and Answers
What is the Nernst potential for potassium ion (K+)?
What is the Nernst potential for potassium ion (K+)?
- 130 mV
- -70 mV
- -98 mV (correct)
- 0 mV
Which factor is most important for determining the Nernst potential of an ion?
Which factor is most important for determining the Nernst potential of an ion?
- The specific channel conductance for that ion
- The ratio of extracellular to intracellular concentration of the ion (correct)
- The concentration of the ion inside the cell
- The total amount of charge across the membrane
What happens to the potential if extracellular chloride ion (Cl-) concentration is increased to -70 mV?
What happens to the potential if extracellular chloride ion (Cl-) concentration is increased to -70 mV?
- It will cause hyperpolarization
- It leads to depolarization (correct)
- It has no effect on the potential
- It stabilizes resting potential
If the Na+ channels open at a resting potential of -70 mV, what is the expected effect on the neuron?
If the Na+ channels open at a resting potential of -70 mV, what is the expected effect on the neuron?
What is the Nernst potential for sodium ion (Na+)?
What is the Nernst potential for sodium ion (Na+)?
What primarily determines how quickly neurons can respond to changes in their environment?
What primarily determines how quickly neurons can respond to changes in their environment?
How do electrical potentials in neurons spread across the membrane?
How do electrical potentials in neurons spread across the membrane?
Which factor influences how far the membrane potential can spread in a neuron?
Which factor influences how far the membrane potential can spread in a neuron?
What happens to a neuron's membrane voltage when it experiences depolarization?
What happens to a neuron's membrane voltage when it experiences depolarization?
What is the nature of the reaction in neurons when ion channels are activated?
What is the nature of the reaction in neurons when ion channels are activated?
What is the primary role of neurotransmitters in synaptic signaling?
What is the primary role of neurotransmitters in synaptic signaling?
How does endocrine signaling primarily differ from synaptic signaling?
How does endocrine signaling primarily differ from synaptic signaling?
What is a characteristic feature of the neuron that allows for communication?
What is a characteristic feature of the neuron that allows for communication?
Why do neurons require a significant amount of energy, consuming approximately 20% of blood flow?
Why do neurons require a significant amount of energy, consuming approximately 20% of blood flow?
Which type of signaling is characterized by the release of hormones into the bloodstream?
Which type of signaling is characterized by the release of hormones into the bloodstream?
What is the function of the soma in a neuron?
What is the function of the soma in a neuron?
In terms of signal delivery speed, which type of signaling is considered extremely fast?
In terms of signal delivery speed, which type of signaling is considered extremely fast?
What is commonly released at the end of a neuron's axon during synaptic signaling?
What is commonly released at the end of a neuron's axon during synaptic signaling?
What is the Nernst potential for potassium ions (K+)?
What is the Nernst potential for potassium ions (K+)?
Which ion concentrations influence the Nernst potential for potassium?
Which ion concentrations influence the Nernst potential for potassium?
What is the most significant factor in determining the Nernst potential for K+?
What is the most significant factor in determining the Nernst potential for K+?
What will happen if K+ channels open in a neuron?
What will happen if K+ channels open in a neuron?
What is the resting potential of a neuron typically characterized as?
What is the resting potential of a neuron typically characterized as?
What effect does an increase in extracellular Cl- concentration have if ECl- is exactly -70 mV?
What effect does an increase in extracellular Cl- concentration have if ECl- is exactly -70 mV?
Which ion channel opening would lead to the depolarization of a neuron?
Which ion channel opening would lead to the depolarization of a neuron?
The Nernst potential for Ca2+ is given as what value?
The Nernst potential for Ca2+ is given as what value?
In order to maintain a polarized resting potential, what does the Na+K+ ATPase utilize?
In order to maintain a polarized resting potential, what does the Na+K+ ATPase utilize?
What is the Nernst Equation primarily used for?
What is the Nernst Equation primarily used for?
If a neuron reached a resting potential of -52 mV, what likely occurred?
If a neuron reached a resting potential of -52 mV, what likely occurred?
What does a negative resting potential of -90 mV for Cl- indicate?
What does a negative resting potential of -90 mV for Cl- indicate?
What will most likely cause hyperpolarization in a neuron?
What will most likely cause hyperpolarization in a neuron?
What must occur for a neuron to be ready to respond to a stimulation?
What must occur for a neuron to be ready to respond to a stimulation?
What is the Nernst potential for K+ indicated in the information?
What is the Nernst potential for K+ indicated in the information?
What would be the immediate effect of opening Ca2+ channels during a neuronal stimulation?
What would be the immediate effect of opening Ca2+ channels during a neuronal stimulation?
What is the Nernst potential (EK+) for potassium ions (K+)?
What is the Nernst potential (EK+) for potassium ions (K+)?
Which ion concentration ratio is critical for determining the Nernst potential for potassium (K+)?
Which ion concentration ratio is critical for determining the Nernst potential for potassium (K+)?
What is the Nernst potential for potassium ion (K+)?
What is the Nernst potential for potassium ion (K+)?
What happens when Na+ channels open at a resting potential of -70 mV?
What happens when Na+ channels open at a resting potential of -70 mV?
What is the role of the ratio between K+out and K+in in the Nernst equation?
What is the role of the ratio between K+out and K+in in the Nernst equation?
What is the expected consequence of increasing extracellular chloride (Cl-) concentration so that ECl- is -70 mV?
What is the expected consequence of increasing extracellular chloride (Cl-) concentration so that ECl- is -70 mV?
What value represents the Nernst potential for sodium ion (Na+)?
What value represents the Nernst potential for sodium ion (Na+)?
What is the Nernst potential for chloride ion (Cl-) given in the information?
What is the Nernst potential for chloride ion (Cl-) given in the information?
Which Nernst potential is correct for calcium ions (Ca2+)?
Which Nernst potential is correct for calcium ions (Ca2+)?
If the resting potential is increased to -52 mV, what is likely indicated about the neuron's condition?
If the resting potential is increased to -52 mV, what is likely indicated about the neuron's condition?
Study Notes
The Neuron: A Fast Reaction Device
- Nernst Equation: Calculates the equilibrium potential for an ion across a membrane.
- Depends on the ratio of ion concentrations inside and outside the cell.
- Key Ions:
- Potassium (K+): Resting potential around -98 mV.
- Sodium (Na+): Depolarization potential around 67 mV.
- Calcium (Ca2+): Depolarization potential around 130 mV.
- Chloride (Cl-): Hyperpolarization potential around -90 mV.
- Sodium-Potassium Pump (Na+/K+ ATPase): Uses ATP to maintain resting potential by pumping sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell.
- Depolarization: Membrane potential becomes more positive.
- Occurs when Na+ or Ca2+ channels open, allowing these ions to flow into the cell.
- Hyperpolarization: Membrane potential becomes more negative.
- Occurs when K+ or Cl- channels open, allowing these ions to flow out of the cell.
- Cable Equation: Describes how electrical potentials spread along the length of a neuron.
- Influenced by the diameter of the neuron and the density of ion channels.
- Determines the speed and distance of the potential propagation.
- Neuron Function:
- Utilizes an electrical signal.
- Allows for fast communication across the nervous system via action potentials.
- Releases neurotransmitters, hormones, and other substances at the end of the axon.
- Requires a significant amount of ATP due to the constant ion pumping.
- Soma (cell body) contains the nucleus, DNA, and machinery for protein synthesis.
- Axon serves as the cable for signal propagation.
- The Neuron's Environment:
- External stimuli trigger neurons to respond.
- The rapid response of neurons is due to the fast activation of ion channels by changes in membrane potential.
- This process is much faster than molecular diffusion.
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Description
Explore the functional dynamics of neurons with this quiz on the Nernst Equation, key ions, and the sodium-potassium pump. Understand how depolarization and hyperpolarization influence membrane potential, leading to fast reactions in nerve cells. Test your knowledge on fundamental neurophysiological concepts.
