Anatomy of the Nervous System

The main functions of the eye are to refract light, accommodate for various distances, and adjust pupil size under different light conditions.

Rods are responsible for black-and-white vision in low light, while cones handle color vision in brighter conditions.

The fovea is the area of the retina with the highest concentration of cones, providing the clearest vision.

<p>The PNS conducts sensory impulses from the body to the CNS and motor impulses from the CNS to the effectors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for 'Fight or flight' responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accommodation refers to the adjustment of the lens curvature to focus on objects at various distances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory neurons conduct impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS, while motor neurons conduct impulses from the CNS to the muscles and glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pupillary mechanisms involve the change in size of the pupil to manage the amount of light entering the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binocular vision is the process of using both eyes to form a 3D image, aiding in depth perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reflex arc is a pathway that transmits impulses for rapid responses to stimuli, allowing for quick reflex actions without involving the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles, while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myopia occurs when the eyeball is too long, making distant objects appear blurry; it can be corrected with a concave lens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conjunctiva protects the front of the eye and keeps it moist through the secretion of fluid by the tear glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three types of neurons are sensory/afferent neurons, motor/efferent neurons, and interneurons, which transmit sensory information, motor commands, and connect other neurons, respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cranial nerves connect the brain to sensory receptors and muscles in the face, facilitating communication between the brain and the head region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The parasympathetic nervous system helps return the body to a state of rest and normalcy after it has been activated by the sympathetic nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain is protected by the bony cranium, cerebrospinal fluid, and the meninges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main divisions are the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The spinal cord is composed of grey matter and white matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cerebellum controls voluntary actions to ensure smooth movement and maintains balance and posture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for returning the body to normal after a 'fight or flight' response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cerebrum controls voluntary actions and is responsible for higher mental functions such as memory, intelligence, and judgment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum, allowing communication between them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The medulla oblongata controls involuntary functions such as breathing, blood pressure, and peristalsis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Otitis media is caused by viruses or bacteria entering through the Eustachian tube, leading to fluid buildup and severe earache.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grommets are small tubes surgically inserted into the eardrum to drain fluid and restore normal ear function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Damage to the auditory nerve impairs sound signal transmission from the inner ear to the brain, leading to hearing loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Damage to the brain's auditory processing area affects its ability to interpret sound impulses, which can lead to difficulty in understanding sounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Outer or middle ear problems include blockages or infections that impair hearing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hearing aids amplify sound waves to improve hearing, while cochlear implants stimulate the auditory nerve directly for those with cochlear damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The PNS includes all nervous tissue outside the CNS, linking it to receptors and effectors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles, controlling voluntary movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It conducts impulses from the CNS to cardiac and smooth muscles and glands, controlling involuntary movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reflex arc involves the receptor detecting a stimulus, sensory neuron conducting the impulse to the spinal cord, interneuron transmitting it, motor neuron conducting it to the effector, and then the effector producing a response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A synapse is the minute gap between consecutive neurons or between a neuron and an effector.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The parasympathetic nervous system returns the body to normal after a sympathetic response.</p> Signup and view all the answers