Neuroscience Quiz on Synaptic Communication
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of presynaptic neurons in synaptic communication?

  • Release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft (correct)
  • Initiate postsynaptic potential
  • Diffusion of neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft
  • Receive neurotransmitters from postsynaptic neurons

    • What occurs during the synaptic delay?

  • The binding of neurotransmitters to receptors happens
  • The time taken for neurotransmitter release and receptor binding (correct)
  • Neurotransmitters are synthesized
  • Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft

    • Which of the following glial cells is NOT found in the central nervous system (CNS)?

  • Astrocytes
  • Schwann cells (correct)
  • Microglia
  • Oligodendrocytes

    • What is the purpose of neurotransmitter binding to postsynaptic receptors?

    <p>To open ion channels and create graded potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the synaptic cleft?

    <p>A fluid-filled space that separates presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of astrocytes in the CNS?

    <p>Regulate substances reaching the CNS from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do ependymal cells help to circulate within the CNS?

    <p>CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuroglial cell is responsible for myelin sheaths in the CNS?

    <p>Oligodendrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Microglia are best described as what type of cell?

    <p>Phagocytic cells that respond to infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do astrocytes play in neuronal development?

    <p>They induce synapse formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of ependymal cells?

    <p>Line the ventricles of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell occupies the space of dying neurons and provides various functions in the CNS?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of oligodendrocytes in relation to axons?

    <p>They can myelinate multiple axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily determines whether a neurotransmitter has an excitatory or inhibitory effect?

    <p>The receptor to which it binds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of acetylcholine (ACh) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

    <p>To stimulate skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptors does acetylcholine bind to in order to cause an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)?

    <p>Nicotinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of neuromodulators?

    <p>They affect the strength of synaptic transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the facilitation process in neuromodulation?

    <p>Increased response in postsynaptic neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In neuronal pools, what is the purpose of neural integration?

    <p>To perform a common function by integrating neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect results from inhibition in neuromodulation?

    <p>Weaker response in postsynaptic neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do drugs generally influence neurotransmitter action at synapses?

    <p>By mimicking the action of endogenous neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of converging circuits in neural integration?

    <p>They allow multiple inputs to converge on a single neuron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neural circuit is characterized by the spreading of information from one neuron to several others?

    <p>Diverging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of circuit utilizes feedback to create a cyclical pattern of activity?

    <p>Reverberating circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes parallel after discharge circuits?

    <p>They allow inputs to be processed simultaneously over various paths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of neuron structure are chemically gated channels typically found?

    <p>Dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ions is primarily involved in establishing the resting membrane potential (RMP) of a neuron?

    <p>K+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

    <p>To insulate axons and increase the speed of impulse conduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glial cell type replicates in response to meningitis infection?

    <p>Microglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three general functions of the nervous system?

    <p>Collect, process, and initiate responses to information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system is responsible for processing and evaluating information?

    <p>Integrative neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of sensory neurons?

    <p>Carry impulses to the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the central nervous system?

    <p>Multipolar neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure encloses an entire peripheral nerve?

    <p>Epineurium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the conductivity of neurons?

    <p>Ability to propagat electrical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of multipolar neurons?

    <p>Many dendrites and a single axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neuroglia in the nervous system?

    <p>Support and protect neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about mixed nerves is true?

    <p>They comprise both sensory and motor neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are synapses primarily responsible for in the nervous system?

    <p>Facilitating information transfer between neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport moves materials away from the neuron cell body?

    <p>Anterograde transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of neurons?

    <p>Extreme longevity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of synapse involves the release of neurotransmitters across a synaptic cleft?

    <p>Chemical synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily creates the unequal distribution of sodium and potassium ions across the neuronal membrane?

    <p>Sodium/Potassium pump activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential?

    <p>Voltage-gated channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when multiple excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) summate at the axon hillock?

    <p>Threshold is reached and an action potential is generated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which segment of a neuron contains voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels?

    <p>Conductive segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resting membrane potential (RMP) of a typical neuron?

    <p>-70 mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during depolarization of a neuron during an action potential?

    <p>Na+ enters the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do graded potentials differ from action potentials?

    <p>Graded potentials are temporary changes in membrane potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle states that an action potential is propagated down the axon without any decrease in intensity?

    <p>All-or-none law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily drives the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

    <p>Potassium ion efflux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?

    <p>It makes the postsynaptic neuron more negative, inhibiting action potential generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon allows for multiple excitatory or inhibitory inputs to affect the postsynaptic neuron's response?

    <p>Summation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the repolarization phase of an action potential?

    <p>K+ channels open and Na+ exits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily influences the electrical current generated in neurons?

    <p>Voltage and resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor increases the likelihood of reaching the threshold for action potential generation?

    <p>Increasing frequency of EPSPs</p> Signup and view all the answers

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