Neuroscience Quiz: Glial Cells and Neural Circuits

<p>It is the site of synaptic connections between neurons and glial cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They maintain the blood-brain barrier and regulate neurotransmitter concentrations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It exhibits a decrease in action potential frequency before leg extension. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To myelinate axons, increasing the speed of signal transmission in peripheral nerves. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glial cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They transmit action potentials to other neurons or target cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase the speed of signal transmission. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At gaps in the myelin sheath. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Schwann cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the space between neurons where neurotransmitters diffuse. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myelin sheath (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce proteins and maintain the neuron's metabolic activities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurons and glial cells work together to form the nervous system, with neurons responsible for signaling and glial cells providing support. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lesion studies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transgenic reporters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibody labeling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In situ hybridization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral nerves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To extend the CNS into the body and connect to peripheral organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal and external environment → sensory components → central nervous system → motor components → effectors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It influences the size and shape of the brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mouse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To study the function of specific genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To recognize and act on specific DNA sequences called loxP sites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A gene that has loxP sites inserted around a critical exon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By removing an exon from the gene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To create a double-stranded break in DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation of specific genes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple repair mechanism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is less likely to fire an action potential. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are used to monitor changes in calcium levels within neurons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Optogenetics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Channelrhodopsins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases the likelihood of the neuron firing an action potential. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By pumping chloride ions into the neuron, leading to hyperpolarization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The neuronal activation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves the use of ion-selective electrodes to measure electrical activity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A complex network of neurons and glial cells that transmit signals and provide support.

The primary signaling units of the nervous system that transmit signals between different parts of the body.

Supportive cells in the nervous system that provide protection, nourishment, and support to neurons.

Branched extensions of neurons that receive signals from other neurons.

The part of a neuron containing the nucleus and organelles for metabolic activity and protein synthesis.

A long projection of a neuron that transmits action potentials to other neurons or target cells.

An insulating layer around axons that increases the speed of signal transmission.

The junction between two neurons where communication occurs through neurotransmitters.

The synapse where a motor neuron connects to a muscle fiber.

A few presynaptic neurons communicate with multiple postsynaptic neurons.

Multiple presynaptic neurons synapse onto a single postsynaptic neuron.

Glial cells that maintain the blood-brain barrier and regulate chemicals.

CNS glial cells that myelinate multiple axons.

Glial cells in the PNS that myelinate individual axon segments.

Neurons that carry sensory information toward the CNS.

A reflex action where a tap on the knee causes the leg to extend.

The process where a neuron's membrane potential becomes less negative, leading to action potential.

The return of a neuron's membrane potential to a more negative value after depolarization.

A type of neuron that processes information between sensory and motor neurons.

A technique using calcium-sensitive dyes to monitor neuronal activity during brain function studies.

A method that uses light to control neurons genetically modified to express light-sensitive proteins.

Light-activated cation channels that allow positive ions into neurons, triggering action potentials.

Light-activated chloride transporters that introduce negative ions, causing hyperpolarization and inhibiting action potentials.

Using techniques like calcium imaging and optogenetics for studying brain functions and behaviors.

A brain structure involved in motor control and cognition.

A brain region that produces dopamine and regulates movement.

Research method involving damage to specific brain areas to assess function.

Genetically modified organisms that indicate gene expression.

Technique using antibodies to detect specific proteins in cells.

Method for locating specific mRNA in tissue samples.

Comprises the brain and spinal cord; processes information.

Connects the CNS to the body’s limbs and organs.

Study of the complete DNA sequence of an organism.

Genetic methods to insert or delete specific genes.

Technique to manipulate DNA in specific ways within cells.

A gene-editing technology that modifies DNA sequences.

An enzyme used in the CRISPR-Cas9 system to cut DNA.

RNA that directs Cas9 to the target DNA sequence.

A DNA repair process using a DNA template for precision.