Neuroscience of Sleep

The neuroscience of sleep

Alarm clock

32 years

<p>36 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stop the single most important behavioral experience - sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shakespeare's Julius Caesar</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The neural networks that predispose to normal sleep overlap with those for normal mental health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A gene linked to schizophrenia, when mutated, also disrupts sleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sleep disruption precedes certain types of mental illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sleep disruption may exacerbate mental illness states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sleep centers within the brain can be targeted for therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Good sleep increases concentration, attention, decision-making, creativity, and social skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Our modern attitudes towards sleep differ significantly from a pre-industrial age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The speaker suggests viewing sleep as a pragmatic response to good health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jim Butcher said, 'Sleep is God. Go worship.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The speaker recommends taking sleep seriously and considering it crucial for good health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thomas Dekker said that &quot;Sleep is the golden chain that ties health and our bodies together.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thomas Edison said that &quot;Sleep is a criminal waste of time and a heritage from our cave days.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Margaret Thatcher was reported to have said that &quot;Sleep is for wimps.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gordon Gekko said that &quot;Money never sleeps.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the 20th century, we have treated sleep as an illness or enemy, and we have abandoned sleep in our thoughts, viewing it as a waste of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The passage states that some areas of the brain are actually more active during the sleep state than during the waking state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The passage mentions the hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamus, ventrolateral preoptic nuclei, and brain stem as structures in the brain that interact to regulate sleep and wakefulness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The passage outlines three main ideas about why we sleep: 1) the restoration idea, where sleep is used to restore and rebuild what was used up during the day, 2) the memory consolidation idea, where sleep helps consolidate memories, and 3) the energy conservation idea, where sleep helps conserve energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The &quot;restoration idea&quot; is the notion that sleep is used to restore and replace what was used up or burned during the day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The passage states that sleep takes up 32 years of our life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stand in a massively lit bathroom, looking into the mirror cleaning our teeth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help set the biological clock to the light-dark cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That teenagers are lazy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That the sleep demands of the aged go down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That those who get up early in the morning are just horribly smug.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>130 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That it was caused by the antipsychotics they were taking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Much of the time, they were awake during the night phase and asleep during the day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to regulate their sleep by the light-dark cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Several groups are studying the conditions and what's going on in terms of sleep disruption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>31 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>100,000 a year</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chernobyl and the space shuttle Challenger</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor memory, poor creativity, increased impulsiveness, and overall poor judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caffeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ghrelin (the hunger hormone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suppressed immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose intolerance/diabetes 2, increased cardiovascular disease due to raised blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text states that a whole raft of genes have been shown to be turned on during sleep, and those genes are associated with restoration and metabolic pathways, providing good evidence for the restoration hypothesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The author dismisses the energy conservation idea because the energy saving from sleeping (about 110 calories or the equivalent of a hot dog bun) is considered a meager return for such a complicated and demanding behavior as sleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>According to the text, our ability to come up with novel solutions to complex problems is hugely enhanced by a night of sleep, estimated to give us a threefold advantage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text states that during sleep, neural connections (synaptic connections) that are important are linked and strengthened, while those that are less important tend to fade away and become less important.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>According to the text, good data suggests that in the 1950s, most people were getting around 8 hours of sleep a night, whereas nowadays, we sleep 1.5 to 2 hours less every night, averaging around 6.5 hours of sleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text states that the body clock of shift workers does not shift to the demands of working at night, and is locked onto the same light-dark cycle as the rest of us. So when they try to sleep during the day, the body clock is saying &quot;Wake up,&quot; leading to poor sleep quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text mentions that individuals with jet lag experience micro-sleeps, which are involuntary episodes of falling asleep over which they have essentially no control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text states that teenagers need 9 hours of sleep for full brain performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text states that shift work involves perhaps 20 percent of the working population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the concluding remarks, the author states that sleep is not an indulgence or something that can be taken casually, and likens not sleeping to &quot;not flying&quot; or &quot;never getting there,&quot; emphasizing the critical importance of sleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&quot;Enjoy the honey-heavy dew of slumber.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>32 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The speaker wants to change the audience's views, ideas, and thoughts about sleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caffeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hypothalamus and brain stem</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restoration, energy conservation, brain processing and memory consolidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sleeping at night enhances creativity and gives a threefold advantage in coming up with novel solutions. Neural connections important for problem-solving are strengthened.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sleep is for wimps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sleep is a criminal waste of time and a heritage from our cave days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nine hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approximately 20 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biological clock</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body clock does not shift to the demands of working at night, leading to poor sleep quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>110 calories a night, equivalent to a hot dog bun</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>We've treated it as an illness, almost. We've treated it as an enemy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The idea that during sleep, we restore, replace, and rebuild what we burned up during the day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approximately 32 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The myth that teenagers can function well with less than the recommended nine hours of sleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The time they get up</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During sleep, important neural connections are linked and strengthened, while less important connections fade away.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It interacts with other areas in the brain to regulate sleep, including the biological clock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Money never sleeps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sleep is described as essential, not an indulgence, and emphasized as a critical behavior for overall well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sleep is the golden chain that ties health and our bodies together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Make the bedroom as dark and slightly cool as possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teenagers are lazy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eight hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Old people need less sleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a link between severe mental illness and sleep disruption, which has been largely ignored but is now being studied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many individuals with schizophrenia were awake during the night and asleep during the day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seek out morning light to align the biological clock to the light-dark cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wind down and engage in activities that promote relaxation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Listen to your body to understand if you need more or less sleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>31 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chernobyl and the space shuttle Challenger</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caffeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ghrelin (the hunger hormone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>100,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diabetes 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loss of memory, suppressed immunity, higher rates of infection and cancer, cardiovascular disease from raised blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As more than just causing mild brain impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The passage provides two key pieces of evidence for the physical link between mental illness and sleep:1) Genes that are important for normal sleep, when mutated, also predispose individuals to mental health problems.2) A gene linked to schizophrenia, when mutated, also disrupts sleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The passage states that stabilizing sleep can be a new therapeutic target for treating mental illness. It mentions that using agents to stabilize sleep has reduced levels of paranoia in individuals with mental illness by 50 percent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three main ideas are:1) Understanding the neuroscience of how sleep and mental illness are generated and regulated in the brain.2) Using sleep disruption as an early warning signal to enable early intervention for those at risk of mental illness. 3) Targeting the sleep centers in the brain as a new therapeutic approach to treat mental illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The passage states that in pre-industrial times, people intuitively understood the importance of sleep, but our modern attitudes towards sleep are very different, with sleep being seen as less important.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The passage states that sleep disruption can both precede the development of certain mental illnesses, like bipolar disorder, and also exacerbate the symptoms of existing mental illness conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The passage suggests that the sleep centers within the brain can be considered as a new therapeutic target for treating mental illness. By stabilizing sleep in vulnerable individuals, it may be possible to improve their mental health and alleviate symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>According to the passage, good sleep increases concentration, attention, decision-making, creativity, social skills, and overall health. It also reduces mood changes, stress, anger, impulsivity, and the tendency to drink and take drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The passage states that Jim Butcher said &quot;Sleep is God. Go worship.&quot; and the speaker recommends that the audience do the same.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The passage states that &quot;the neural networks that predispose you to normal sleep, give you normal sleep, and those that give you normal mental health, are overlapping.&quot; It provides genetic evidence showing that genes important for sleep also predispose individuals to mental health problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The passage states that in pre-industrial times, people intuitively understood the importance of sleep, but our modern attitudes towards sleep are &quot;so very different&quot; and see sleep as less important. The speaker contrasts this historical reverence for sleep with the more dismissive modern view.</p> Signup and view all the answers