Neuroscience Chapter on PNS Regeneration

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What is the initial step in the regeneration of a damaged axon in the PNS?

Degeneration of the axon and myelin sheath distal to the injury (correct)

Reconnection of the new axon to its target cell

Formation of a regeneration tube by Schwann cells

Growth processes form from the proximal end of the axon

Which of the following regions of a neuron is primarily responsible for transmitting action potentials?

Proximal region

Conducting region (correct)

Secretory region

Receptive region

What role do ion channels play in neuron function?

They generate action potentials via active transport

They allow for the passive flow of ions across the membrane (correct)

They maintain resting membrane potential through ATP consumption

They create neurotransmitters in the presynaptic cell

In the context of PNS regeneration, what is the function of Schwann cells?

They form a regeneration tube to guide the growth of new axons Signup and view all the answers

What must occur for neural tissue to regenerate in the PNS?

The cell body of the neuron must remain intact Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neurons in the nervous system?

To send and receive signals Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system includes the spinal cord and brain?

Central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What type of division is responsible for carrying sensory information from the peripheral tissues to the central nervous system?

Afferent division Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the role of neuroglia?

They support and protect neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a neuron is responsible for receiving signals?

Dendrites Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system?

To carry motor commands to muscles and glands Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the central nervous system?

Peripheral nerves Signup and view all the answers

What type of information is primarily carried by the sensory division of nerves?

Sensory information Signup and view all the answers

What type of sensory neuron monitors the internal environment of the body?

Interoceptors Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron is primarily responsible for carrying instructions from the CNS to peripheral effectors?

Motor neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about interneurons is true?

They connect sensory and motor neurons. Signup and view all the answers

What structure extends from sensory receptors to the central nervous system in sensory neurons?

Afferent fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sensory receptor is responsible for the sense of touch?

Exteroceptors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a role of interneurons?

Direct transmission of sensory information to muscles Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the nervous system is extracellular space?

Approximately 20% Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells in the nervous system are known for having the ability to produce action potentials?

Neurons Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of neurons contributes to their extreme longevity?

Good nutrition allows optimal performance for over 100 years. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the primary role of neuroglia or glial cells?

They surround and support neurons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

To increase the speed of action potential conduction. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between myelination in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS)?

Oligodendrocytes in the CNS myelinate multiple axons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Node of Ranvier?

It is a gap between adjacent neuroglia where myelin sheath is absent. Signup and view all the answers

What components primarily make up white matter in the nervous system?

Myelinated axons. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is accurate regarding the timing of myelination?

PNS myelination starts early in fetal development. Signup and view all the answers

What typically characterizes gray matter in the nervous system?

It contains unmyelinated dendrites and neuron cell bodies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of dendrites in a neuron?

To receive information from other neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the neuron connects the cell body to the axon?

Axon hillock Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the function of the synapse?

It is the area where a neuron communicates with another cell. Signup and view all the answers

What role do presynaptic and postsynaptic cells play in synaptic transmission?

Presynaptic cells transmit signals while postsynaptic cells receive them. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the axon is responsible for carrying the electrical signal to the target?

Axon Signup and view all the answers

Sensory neurons are classified as which type of neurons?

Afferent neurons Signup and view all the answers

What comprises the synaptic cleft?

The gap between the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of telodendria in the axon structure?

They branch from the axon and contain synaptic terminals. Signup and view all the answers