Neuropsychology Overview Quiz

Specialized cells responsible for transmitting electrical impulses throughout the nervous system.

Cells that support and protect neurons, providing structure and aiding in communication.

A fatty substance that wraps around axons, increasing the speed of nerve impulse transmission.

The brain and spinal cord, the central control center of the nervous system.

The nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord, responsible for carrying signals to and from the body.

The part of the PNS that controls voluntary muscle movements.

The part of the PNS that controls involuntary bodily functions like heart rate and digestion.

Nerve impulses that travel towards the brain, carrying sensory information.

The ability of the brain to change its structure and function in response to learning, experience, and injury.

The creation of new neurons; a form of structural brain plasticity.

Formation of new connections between neurons, expanding the network.

The process of establishing new pathways after a stroke or injury.

A lasting enhancement of synaptic strength; a form of functional brain plasticity.

A lasting weakening of synaptic strength; a form of functional brain plasticity.

A type of cognitive rehabilitation that aims to restore lost cognitive abilities.

A type of cognitive rehabilitation that helps people compensate for cognitive deficits.

The formation of connections between neurons, crucial for learning and brain development. This process is influenced by experiences and stimuli, shaping the brain's wiring.

A process where excess neurons and synapses are eliminated, refining neural circuits for optimal cognitive function. It's like cleaning up your brain's network to make it more efficient.

The process of forming a myelin sheath, a fatty substance that insulates nerve fibers, speeding up signal transmission and enhancing brain communication.

The branch of psychology that focuses on the relationship between brain structures and systems, and psychological processes.

The study of the neuro-functional organization of the mind and mental processes, using various methods such as animal studies, cognitive psychology, and neuropsychology.

Studies the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional-motivational disorders related to brain lesions or dysfunctions. It involves diagnosis, rehabilitation, and understanding the impact of brain damage on the mind.

Experimental investigations into the neuro-functional organization of the mind and its neural correlates related to specific cognitive (dys)functions.

The study of individual cases to understand normal cognitive functioning. Insights from these cases can shed light on how the brain works under normal conditions.

The difficulty of retrieving words.

A type of speech error where a word is replaced with a word that is similar in meaning.

A type of speech error where a word is replaced with a word that is unrelated in meaning.

A type of speech error where a word is replaced with a word from the same category.

A type of speech error where a word is replaced with a word that is related to the target word, but not in the same category.

A type of speech error where a specific word is replaced with a more general term.

A type of speech error where a general word is replaced with a more specific word.

The process of translating a concept into a spoken word.

The ability of objects to suggest their possible uses based on their shape, size, and other physical features, regardless of their visual characteristics like color or texture.

A disorder affecting visually-guided movements, making it difficult to reach for objects or copy movements accurately. This is not due to motor, sensory, visual acuity, or visual field deficits.

A syndrome caused by damage to both the occipital and parietal lobes, characterized by optic ataxia, simultanagnosia, oculomotor apraxia, and anosognosia.

Inability to perceive more than one object at a time; the visual field is processed piecemeal, making it impossible to understand a scene as a whole.

A syndrome affecting visuoperceptive abilities, characterized by finger agnosia, agraphia, acalculia, and left/right disorientation.

A component of Gerstmann's Syndrome where individuals have difficulty identifying their fingers, often confusing them or struggling to name them.

A visual processing impairment where individuals struggle to distinguish between local and global features of objects.

A visual processing impairment that prevents individuals from being able to grasp the full meaning of a complex picture, even if they recognize individual elements.

A disorder affecting language abilities, like speaking or understanding, caused by brain damage. It is not due to sensory problems, like deafness, or mental confusion, just language itself.

A group of symptoms that occur together and signify a specific disease or condition, not always fully understood.

A disorder characterized by specific difficulties in speaking and/or understanding language after brain injury, in individuals with fully acquired language skills.

The various reasons that cause a disease or condition, often multiple factors contributing.

A type of aphasia where producing coherent speech is extremely difficult, despite understanding language relatively well. People with this may have trouble finding words, using correct grammar, and speaking smoothly.

The consistent absence of function words (like 'the,' 'and,' or 'to') and grammatical endings in speech, while keeping meaning-carrying words (nouns and verbs).

The name for the characteristic speech of Broca's aphasia, often described as short, telegraphic sentences that lack grammatical structure.

The inability to execute conscious speech movements, although there is no paralysis of facial or vocal muscles, suggesting an issue in planning and coordinating speech.