Neuropsychology Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is synaptogenesis?

  • The formation of synapses between neurons (correct)
  • The insulation of nerve fibers
  • The reduction of brain connections
  • The process of neuron death

    • What happens during myelogenesis?

  • Myelin is formed around nerve fibers (correct)
  • Connections between neurons are increased
  • Neurons are pruned
  • Synapses are eliminated

    • How does the number of neurons change from childhood to adolescence?

  • It fluctuates dramatically each year
  • It increases steadily throughout childhood
  • It remains constant until adulthood
  • It reaches a peak early and then declines (correct)

    • What is the primary goal of neuropsychology?

    <p>To understand psychological processes related to brain function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a focus of cognitive neurosciences?

    <p>Rehabilitation of psychological disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between experimental and clinical neuropsychology?

    <p>Experimental studies normal cognitive functioning, clinical focuses on diagnosis and rehabilitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes research methods in neuropsychology?

    <p>They often include single case studies to model normal functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fields does neuropsychology overlap with?

    <p>Psychology, neurology, and psychiatry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>To convey electrical impulses and communicate via synaptic transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glia cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath?

    <p>Oligodendrocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

    <p>Composed of the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of afferent neurons in the nervous system?

    <p>To relay sensory information towards the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure serves as the site for decussation in the nervous system?

    <p>Brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The appearance of neurons with myelin sheaths is commonly referred to as what?

    <p>White matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>To protect and cushion the brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glial cell type is involved in removing dead or damaged tissue within the nervous system?

    <p>Microglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive rehabilitation primarily rely on?

    <p>The assumption of brain plasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is neural sprouting?

    <p>Extension of existing neurons' axons and dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes long-term potentiation (LTP)?

    <p>A persistent strengthening of synapses based on activity patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does neurogenesis play in structural neuroplasticity?

    <p>It facilitates the growth of new neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do compensatory techniques function in cognitive rehabilitation?

    <p>They utilize strategies that rely on intact cognitive skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of physiotherapy as described?

    <p>To restore lost body functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a resource of positive plasticity?

    <p>Errorless learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes negative plasticity?

    <p>Maladaptive changes that lead to dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive function is closely related to the dorsal pathway?

    <p>Working memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of optic ataxia?

    <p>Difficulty in reaching for objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with Balint-Holmes Syndrome?

    <p>Color recognition deficits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do patients with simultanagnosia struggle with?

    <p>Perceiving more than one object at a time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of Gerstmann’s Syndrome?

    <p>Agraphia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the dorsal from the ventral form of simultanagnosia?

    <p>Ability to distinguish single elements but not the whole picture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes anosognosia in Balint-Holmes Syndrome?

    <p>Unawareness of having the deficit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gerstmann’s Syndrome can be characterized by which of the following deficits?

    <p>Left/right disorientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Broca's aphasia?

    <p>Marked difficulty in producing coherent speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of words are typically omitted in Broca's aphasia?

    <p>Function words such as prepositions and articles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'telegraphic speech' refer to in relation to Broca's aphasia?

    <p>Non-fluent speech with omitted function words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Broca's aphasia?

    <p>Complete paralysis of facial muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about patients with Broca's aphasia?

    <p>They typically maintain good comprehension of language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions most commonly leads to aphasia?

    <p>Stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant aspect of Broca's aphasia regarding language function?

    <p>The presence of a speech programming deficit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a characteristic of brain lesions that cause aphasia?

    <p>They exclusively result from strokes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the phonological input lexicon?

    <p>It translates acoustic representations into semantic representations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'anomia' in lexicon organization?

    <p>Difficulty in retrieving words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contributes to a word's resistance to errors?

    <p>Word frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of error is described by using a word without any relation of meaning, such as saying 'tablecloth' for 'telephone'?

    <p>Verbal paraphasia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does word frequency affect the cognitive organization of lexicon?

    <p>It affects the number of connections and features among words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lexical error involves replacing a target word with one from the same category, such as saying 'car' for 'van'?

    <p>Categorial error.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes anomic latency?

    <p>Delay in recalling a target word.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to connection strengths of words during early learning?

    <p>They change significantly before becoming smaller.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neurons and Glia

    • Neurons transmit electrical impulses throughout the nervous system; they communicate with other neurons or muscles via synaptic transmission.
    • A human brain contains 100-150 billion neurons.
    • Glia cells support neurons; oligodendrocytes produce myelin sheaths, increasing nerve impulse propagation speed.
    • Microglia remove dead tissue, and astrocytes regulate the transfer of nutrients & harmful substances between blood and brain.

    Nervous Systems

    • Central Nervous System (CNS): composed of brain and spinal cord,
    • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): composed of everything else, including
      • Skeletal nervous system: carries nerve impulses to voluntary muscles.
      • Autonomic nervous system: carries nerve impulses to involuntary muscles.
      • Afferent (sensory) neurons: carry impulses toward the brain.
      • Efferent (motor) neurons: carry impulses away from the brain.
    • White Matter: myelinated neurons (pink-white).
    • Grey Matter: unmyelinated neurons (gray).

    The Brain

    • The brain coordinates all bodily functions and consists of four regions: cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and diencephalon.
    • Somatosensation (Afferent neurons): sensory information from the body to the somatosensory cortex.
    • Motor control (Efferent neurons): motor output from the motor cortex, to innervate muscles.

    Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

    • Clear, colorless fluid that circulates around the CNS, allowing nutrient and chemical diffusion.
    • It protects the brain and spinal cord.

    Blood Supply

    • Cerebral arteries supply oxygenated blood.
    • Cerebral veins drain deoxygenated blood.
    • The blood-brain barrier protects brain tissue from harmful blood elements while allowing passage of substances necessary for metabolic functions.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts in neuropsychology, including synaptogenesis, myelogenesis, and the evolution of neurons from childhood to adolescence. This quiz also explores the differences between experimental and clinical neuropsychology, as well as the various fields it overlaps with.

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