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In ICD-10, 'organic psychiatric disorders' are categorized under F00-F09.
True
The term 'organic' is commonly used in DSM-5 to describe certain mental disorders.
False
DSM-5 includes conditions caused by substance use in its classification of neurocognitive disorders.
True
Patients with frontal lobe syndrome may exhibit symptoms such as being disinhibited and tactless.
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In DSM-5, major neurocognitive disorder includes dementia and amnesic syndrome as distinct categories.
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ICD-10 classifies cases of delirium due to substance use alongside organic disorders.
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The left hemisphere is primarily responsible for non-verbal memories.
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Language areas in the brain are subserved by a fully independent network.
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David and Kopelman published their findings on memory in 2009.
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Ranganath and Ritchey’s research on memory was published in 2015.
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The right hemisphere is responsible for verbal memory storage.
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Neuropsychiatry includes psychiatric disorders that are solely based on psychological factors.
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Dementia is characterized by acute generalized cognitive impairment in clear consciousness.
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Organic psychiatry includes disorders that arise from general medical conditions outside the brain.
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Behavioural and emotional disturbances may be the only manifestations of neuropsychiatry disorders.
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Amnesic syndromes refer to widespread memory deficits affecting all cognitive functions.
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Head injury is considered under the category of neuropsychiatry disorders.
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Psychological and social factors can be neglected if a disorder is considered to be 'physical'.
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Cerebrovascular disorders are excluded from the neuropsychiatry classification.
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The right-hemisphere spatial awareness network includes Broca's area.
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The basal ganglia are primarily associated with emotional processes.
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Explicit memory is subclassified into episodic and semantic functions.
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Lesions of the thalamus do not affect consciousness.
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Clinical features of white matter pathology depend on the severity of the damage but not on its location.
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The amnestic syndrome is a feature associated with lesions of the rostral brainstem.
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The memory-emotion network includes the amygdala and hippocampus.
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Connectionist models emphasize localized cortical functions without regard for neural networks.
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Implicit memory refers to memory that can be consciously analyzed.
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The working memory-executive function network includes the anterior cingulate cortex.
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Delirium in ICD-10 can be induced by alcohol and other psychoactive substances.
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Dementia resulting from prion disease is listed under DSM-5 as a major neurocognitive disorder.
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Personality and behavioral disorders in the ICD-10 are attributed to psychological and social factors.
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Minor neurocognitive disorders in DSM-5 do not have specific subcategories listed.
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Organic amnesic syndrome is categorized under major neurocognitive disorders in DSM-5.
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Individuals with frontal lobe disease typically show marked impairments in measures of formal intelligence.
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Organic mood disorders are classified under other mental disorders due to brain damage in ICD-10.
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Individuals experiencing organic hallucinosis are also categorized under neurocognitive disorders in DSM-5.
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Substance intoxication delirium is listed under major neurocognitive disorders in DSM-5.
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The presence of obsessive, ritualistic behaviors can occur in patients with frontal lobe disease.
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Lesions of the dominant parietal lobe may lead to right-left disorientation and finger agnosia.
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Occipital lobe lesions typically result in difficulty with verbal memory.
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Persistent unawareness of neurological deficits is common with non-dominant parietal lesions.
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Lesions of the corpus callosum usually do not require specialized neuropsychological testing for identification.
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Complex visual hallucinations can occur with occipital lobe lesions involving visual association areas.
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Right hippocampal damage is primarily associated with semantic impairment and fluent dysphasia.
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Anton’s syndrome refers to a condition where patients deny their blindness due to occipital lobe damage.
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Temporal lobe lesions are known to produce solely affective symptoms.
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Visual disorientation can result from lesions that impinge on the parietal or temporal lobes.
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Behavioral disturbances in frontotemporal dementias stem solely from frontal lobe involvement.
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Study Notes
Neuropsychiatry Overview
- Neuropsychiatry focuses on psychiatric disorders linked to brain structure and dysfunction.
- Cognitive impairments are predominant, particularly in conditions like dementia and delirium.
- Behavioral and emotional disturbances may also occur and can be the only symptoms.
- The term neuropsychiatry is sometimes interchangeable with organic psychiatry, but organic covers a broader range of disorders, including those with non-brain-related medical causes.
- Importance of recognizing psychological and social factors regardless of perceived physical causes.
Common Neuropsychiatric Disorders
- Delirium: Acute impairment of attention and cognition with altered consciousness.
- Dementia: Chronic cognitive impairment, consciousness remains clear; caused by various disease processes.
- Amnesic Syndromes: Specific deficits in memory function.
- Cerebrovascular and Movement Disorders: Affect cognitive and physical functioning.
- Epilepsy and Head Injuries: Neurological conditions with psychiatric implications.
Classification of Organic Mental Disorders
ICD-10
- Organic mental disorders group includes delirium and various types of dementia, such as:
- Dementia specific to Alzheimer’s, vascular causes, and other neurological diseases.
- Categories also feature organic amnesic syndrome and other disorders due to brain dysfunction.
DSM-5
- Utilizes "neurocognitive disorders" instead of "organic disorders".
- Classification includes:
- Delirium types linked to substances or medical conditions.
- Major and minor neurocognitive disorders with specified causes.
Symptoms Related to Brain Pathology
Frontal Lobe
- Crucial for personality and judgment.
- Symptoms include disinhibition, social tactlessness, and poor judgment.
- Decline in abstract reasoning and cognitive estimates without affecting formal intelligence.
Parietal Lobe
- Damage leads to neuropsychological disturbances, including visuospatial neglect and apraxias.
- Dominant parietal lesions may cause receptive dysphasia and body image disorders.
Temporal Lobe
- Damage can lead to varied behaviors, including personality changes and cognitive deficits.
- Specific memory impairments depending on the involved hemisphere; left affects verbal memory, right affects spatial memory.
Occipital Lobe
- Lesions can result in complex visual hallucinations and disturbances.
- May cause visual agnosias and denial of blindness (Anton’s syndrome).
Subcortical Structures and Networks
- Emphasis on connectionist approaches linking cortical and subcortical regions.
- Various networks mediate cognition and behavior; significant ones include:
- Spatial awareness, language, memory-emotion, and executive function networks.
Thalamus, Basal Ganglia, and Cerebellum
- Lesions in these areas can lead to significant cognitive and psychiatric issues.
- Symptoms may include memory disturbances and mood-related changes.
Memory Systems
- Distinction between implicit (procedural) and explicit (declarative) memory systems.
- Working memory supports short-term storage; different neural substrates exist for verbal and visuospatial information.
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Description
Test your knowledge on neuropsychiatry, which focuses on psychiatric disorders linked to brain structure and function. This quiz covers key concepts including cognitive impairments, dementia, and the distinction between neuropsychiatry and organic psychiatry.
