28 Questions
What is the approximate number of neurons in the brain?
85 billion
What did anatomist Michele Malacarne discover in 1793?
Animals receiving motor training had larger cerebellums
What did Marian Diamond produce in 1964?
First scientific evidence of anatomical brain plasticity
What are synapses in the brain responsible for?
Excitatory or inhibitory functions
What is the definition of neuroplasticity?
The nervous system's ability to reorganize its structure and function in response to stimuli
Which study documented changes in the hippocampus of London taxi drivers?
Eleanor Maguire's study
What is the principle associated with neuroplasticity?
Neurons that fire together, wire together
In what scenario can neuroplasticity be applied?
Stroke rehabilitation
What is the role of neurotrophins like BDNF in neuroplasticity?
Particularly in motor learning and memory after stroke
Which adverse example of neuroplasticity is mentioned in the text?
Chronic pain after limb amputation
What did rats in enriched environments show compared to those in basic environments?
Thicker cortices
Which milestone in neuroplasticity is associated with brain activity?
Hubel and Wiesel's study
What is involved in neuroplasticity at various stages like development or after therapy?
Molecular, cellular, system, and behavioral levels
What is the potential for neuroplasticity in various clinical scenarios, such as blindness and severe epilepsy?
It is present and its degree is unknown in adults
What does neuroplasticity in development involve?
Brain growth, critical periods, and ongoing neurogenesis in specific brain areas
What are the mechanisms of neuroplasticity?
Changes in neurons, between neurons, and in networks of neurons
What is a possible adverse example of neuroplasticity?
Onset of epilepsy after cerebral trauma
What is thought to cause the transition from casual drug use to compulsive drug-seeking behavior?
Long-lasting neuroadaptations in reward pathways
Which therapy involves the non-invasive activation of the brain using magnetic or electrical stimulation?
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
What has been associated with enlarged motor cortex map according to Sawaki et al. (2008)?
Constraint therapy for upper limb
According to Asadollahi et al. (2018), which intervention led to significant increases in Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale compared to placebo?
Citalopram
What is a future direction in the field of neuroplasticity mentioned in the text?
Improved methods to assess neuroplasticity in humans
What is a factor influencing neuroplasticity mentioned in the text?
Age
What is the main focus of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)?
Modulating brain excitability
What is a potential negative aspect of neuroplasticity mentioned in the text?
Not always a good thing
What does the term 'neurons that fire together, wire together' refer to?
The concept of synaptic plasticity
Which therapy aims to affect structural and functional connectivity according to van Hartevelt et al. (2014)?
Deep brain stimulation
What is a potential application of neuroplasticity mentioned in the text?
Improving motor skills in disease
Study Notes
Neuroplasticity: Key Concepts and Applications
- Rats in enriched environments showed thicker cortices compared to those in basic environments
- Historical milestones in neuroplasticity, including Hubel and Wiesel's study on brain activity and Merzenich's findings on cortical reorganization
- Eleanor Maguire's documentation of changes in the hippocampus of London taxi drivers
- Definition of neuroplasticity as the nervous system's ability to reorganize its structure and function in response to stimuli
- Neuroplasticity can occur at molecular, cellular, system, and behavioral levels and during various stages like development or after therapy
- Mechanisms of neuroplasticity, including changes in neurons, between neurons, and in networks of neurons
- Neuroplasticity is activity-dependent, with the principle "neurons that fire together, wire together"
- Neuroplasticity in development involves brain growth, critical periods, and ongoing neurogenesis in specific brain areas
- Applications of neuroplasticity, such as in cerebellar agenesis, stroke rehabilitation, and hemispherectomy
- Adverse examples of neuroplasticity, including chronic pain after limb amputation and theories about phantom limb sensations
- The role of neurotrophins like BDNF in neuroplasticity, particularly in motor learning and memory after stroke
- The potential for neuroplasticity in various clinical scenarios, such as blindness and severe epilepsy, and its unknown degree in adults
Test your knowledge of neuroplasticity with this quiz covering key concepts and applications. Explore the mechanisms, historical milestones, and examples of neuroplasticity, as well as its potential applications in various clinical scenarios. See how much you know about the brain's remarkable ability to reorganize itself in response to stimuli.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
