Neurophysiology: Synaptic Transmission and Signaling
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between metabotropic receptors and ionotropic receptors?

  • Type of neurotransmitter
  • Speed of action (correct)
  • Chemical structure
  • Location on the neuron
  • What is the primary function of the integration zone in a neuron?

  • To generate the action potential
  • To receive and integrate signals (correct)
  • To release neurotransmitters
  • To transmit the action potential
  • What is a common result of abnormal synchronization of post-synaptic potentials?

  • No change in wave amplitude
  • Small amplitude waves
  • No wave generation
  • Large amplitude waves (correct)
  • What is the purpose of mechanoreceptors in the sensory system?

    <p>To detect mechanical stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a neuron's response to a stimulus that decreases in magnitude with repeated exposure?

    <p>Habituation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a neuron's response to a stimulus is reinstated with a different stimulus?

    <p>Dishabituation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following brain areas is NOT involved in the hierarchy of sensory processing?

    <p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the brain reorganizes its function in response to changes in the body?

    <p>Neural reorganization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed a staining method that allowed for the visualization of neurons?

    <p>Camillo Golgi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons?

    <p>Afferent neurons transmit signals from the senses to the brain, while efferent neurons transmit signals from the brain to the muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of learning in which a stimulus is associated with a response?

    <p>Associative learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fMRI in the study of brain function?

    <p>To measure the blood flow in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are responsible for transmitting opposite firing responses to different regions of the spectrum?

    <p>Spectrally opponent cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway that bypasses the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus?

    <p>Extrageniculate pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a person who has difficulty seeing red and green colors?

    <p>Deuteranopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where the brain interprets an image as being upside down even though the retinal image is upright?

    <p>Inverted retinal image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are found in the lateral geniculate nucleus and are responsible for transmitting visual information to the cortex?

    <p>Magnocellular cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of co-registration in fMRI data analysis?

    <p>To identify the activated brain area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for spatial smoothing in fMRI data analysis?

    <p>To reflect the contribution of surrounding voxels to the central voxel's signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of multiple regression analysis in fMRI data analysis?

    <p>To determine the effect of the independent variable on brain activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of whole brain analysis in fMRI data analysis?

    <p>It is susceptible to the multiple comparison problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of fMRI data?

    <p>It has low temporal resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of oxytocin antagonist on caring behaviors towards pups?

    <p>Decrease caring behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the effect of oxytocin injections on meerkats, according to Madden & Sutton-Brock (2010)?

    <p>Increased prosocial behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the effect of oxytocin nasal spray on trust and prosociality in humans, according to Kosfield et al. (2005)?

    <p>Increased trust and prosociality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the endocrine system and the nervous system?

    <p>One uses electrical impulses, the other uses chemical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the full set of genes in an organism or species?

    <p>Genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for the narrow-sense heritability of a trait?

    <p>H2</p> Signup and view all the answers

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