Neurophysiology: Synaptic Transmission and Signaling

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What is the main difference between metabotropic receptors and ionotropic receptors?

Type of neurotransmitter

Speed of action (correct)

Chemical structure

Location on the neuron

What is the primary function of the integration zone in a neuron?

To generate the action potential

To receive and integrate signals (correct)

To release neurotransmitters

To transmit the action potential

What is a common result of abnormal synchronization of post-synaptic potentials?

No change in wave amplitude

Small amplitude waves

No wave generation

Large amplitude waves (correct)

What is the purpose of mechanoreceptors in the sensory system?

To detect mechanical stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a neuron's response to a stimulus that decreases in magnitude with repeated exposure?

Habituation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which a neuron's response to a stimulus is reinstated with a different stimulus?

Dishabituation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following brain areas is NOT involved in the hierarchy of sensory processing?

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the brain reorganizes its function in response to changes in the body?

Neural reorganization Signup and view all the answers

Who developed a staining method that allowed for the visualization of neurons?

Camillo Golgi Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons?

Afferent neurons transmit signals from the senses to the brain, while efferent neurons transmit signals from the brain to the muscles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of learning in which a stimulus is associated with a response?

Associative learning Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fMRI in the study of brain function?

To measure the blood flow in the brain Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are responsible for transmitting opposite firing responses to different regions of the spectrum?

Spectrally opponent cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway that bypasses the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus?

Extrageniculate pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a person who has difficulty seeing red and green colors?

Deuteranopia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the phenomenon where the brain interprets an image as being upside down even though the retinal image is upright?

Inverted retinal image Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are found in the lateral geniculate nucleus and are responsible for transmitting visual information to the cortex?

Magnocellular cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of co-registration in fMRI data analysis?

To identify the activated brain area Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for spatial smoothing in fMRI data analysis?

To reflect the contribution of surrounding voxels to the central voxel's signal Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of multiple regression analysis in fMRI data analysis?

To determine the effect of the independent variable on brain activation Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of whole brain analysis in fMRI data analysis?

It is susceptible to the multiple comparison problem Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of fMRI data?

It has low temporal resolution Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of oxytocin antagonist on caring behaviors towards pups?

Decrease caring behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of oxytocin injections on meerkats, according to Madden & Sutton-Brock (2010)?

Increased prosocial behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of oxytocin nasal spray on trust and prosociality in humans, according to Kosfield et al. (2005)?

Increased trust and prosociality Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the endocrine system and the nervous system?

One uses electrical impulses, the other uses chemical signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the full set of genes in an organism or species?

Genome Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol for the narrow-sense heritability of a trait?

H2 Signup and view all the answers