Neurophysiology: Somatosensory System

<p>They are found in a variety of tissues and are diverse in their structures and functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To detect changes in pressure, touch, and movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To generate electrical signals in response to stimuli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanoreceptors have sheathed nerve endings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnetoreceptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatosensation and photoreceptors are distinct sensory systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow ions to flow through the pore when opened by mechanical deformation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They anchor the mechanoreceptor to the cell membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interoception involves sensing the internal environment while proprioception involves sensing the external environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because their structure and function are specifically designed to respond to particular types of mechanical forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By converting stimuli into electrical signals that are relayed through neural pathways. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feeling the warmth of the sun on your skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To sense and interpret information from the body and its environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dorsal column medial lemniscal system, anterolateral system, rubrospinal tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory information travels from the spinal cord to the medulla where it synapses and decussates, then travels to the thalamus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thermal and painful sensations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both A and C fibers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain muscle tone and posture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stretch receptors in muscles trigger excitation of extensor muscles and inhibition of flexor muscles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Local branches are involved in involuntary movement, while distal branches are involved in voluntary movement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both systems synapse and decussate at the same level of the central nervous system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To relay sensory information from the periphery to the spinal cord. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are responsible for fine motor control. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The spinal nerves can innervate overlapping areas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain and temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The spinal nerves innervate a larger area of tissue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain that is felt in a different location than the source of the injury. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmitting light touch information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Merkel cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are rapidly adapting, responding primarily to changes in stimuli. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pacinian corpuscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ruffini endings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pacinian corpuscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They detect deep pressure and stretch, providing information about the shape of objects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aδ fibers are responsible for sharp, localized pain, while C fibers convey diffuse, burning pain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle spindles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myelin speeds up the conduction of action potentials by increasing electrical resistance across the nerve membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thermoreceptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have small receptive fields. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transmit action potentials from the sense organs to the brain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the sum of action potentials from multiple peripheral nerves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The more myelin surrounding a nerve fiber, the slower the conduction velocity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle nerves have a greater amount of myelin surrounding the nerve fibers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin nerves need to detect finer details in the environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They integrate sensory information from different peripheral nerves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aα/β fibers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The intensity of the stimulus is encoded by the frequency of action potentials. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The generation of the compound action potential requires that many peripheral nerves fire simultaneously. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nociceptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Specialized neurons detecting pain stimuli.

Sensory receptors responding to mechanical pressure.

Touch receptors for initial contact and motion.

Receptors detecting pressure and edges.

Receptors for detecting fast vibrations.

The sense of one’s body and its relation to the environment.

Awareness of internal bodily states and organs; monitors organ function.

Sense of body position and movement in space.

Perception of the relationship between the body and the external environment.

Cells that encode stimuli as electrical signals to transmit information.

Visual receptors that respond to light; not used in somatosensation.

Pain receptors that signal damage to tissues; part of the somatosensory system.

Three types: tension-opened, link-opened, and second messenger-opened.

Opened through tension in the plasma membrane, e.g. cellular swelling.

Opened by proteins linking to the ion channel, e.g. hair cells of the inner ear.

Open channels via proteins activated by mechanical forces, e.g. pain receptors.

Thermoreceptors and nociceptors have exposed nerve endings.

Mechanoreceptors are ion channels with a barrel-like structure containing 6 subunits.

Ions flow through pore when mechanoreceptors are mechanically deformed.

31 pairs of nerves that transmit signals between the spinal cord and the body.

Areas of skin innervated by specific spinal nerves, used to locate spinal cord damage.

A swelling that contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons in spinal nerves.

Pain perceived in an area that is not the site of injury, linked to spinal nerve damage.

Part of the dorsal horn representing fine touch, vibration, and proprioception.

Pathway responsible for transmitting pain and temperature signals to the brain.

Pathway that carries light touch sensations to the brain.

The process of converting stimuli into electrical signals for faster communication.

Nerve fibers responsible for transmitting pain and temperature; A delta for sharp pain, C for dull pain.

Local branches detect immediate sensory information; distal branches involved in complex motor functions.

Fibers carrying sensory signals to the midbrain through two primary pathways: Dorsal column and Anterolateral systems.

Conveys proprioceptive and tactile sensations; fibers synapse in the medulla.

Carries thermal and painful sensations; synapses in the spinal cord.

Mechanoreceptors that detect skin stretch and object shapes.

Mechanoreceptors that detect muscle movement and position.

Nociceptors that detect sharp, quick pain sensations.

Slow nociceptors for diffuse, burning pain sensation.

Receptors that detect temperature changes and certain chemicals.

Bundled sensory axons that transmit various modalities.

Fast-conducting myelinated fibers for various sensations.

Slowest nerve fibers, primarily for pain and temperature.

Speed at which an action potential travels along a nerve.

Result of overlapping action potentials from close nerves.

Larger axons fire sooner and can detect stimuli faster.

Muscles need faster conduction; skin needs more nerve endings.

Synchronized firing of action potentials enhances signaling.