Neurophysiological Disorders: Epilepsy Review
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Questions and Answers

What type of epilepsy includes absence, myoclonic, atonic, tonic, and tonic–clonic seizures?

  • Focal aware seizures
  • Bilateral tonic–clonic epilepsy
  • Focal non-motor seizures
  • Generalized epilepsy (correct)

    • Which phase temporarily suppresses neuronal activity in the affected area?

  • Hyperpolarization (correct)
  • Synchronous Discharges
  • Shortened Hyperpolarization
  • Interictal Activity

    • What arises from a group of neurons firing together before a seizure occurs?

  • Hyperpolarization
  • Shortened Hyperpolarization
  • Synchronous Discharges
  • Interictal Activity (correct)

    • Which type of seizures are characterized by a depolarizing shift in the membrane potential of neurons?

    <p>Focal motor seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a sufficient number of neurons become activated and the inhibition from local inhibitory interneurons is overcome?

    <p>Synchronous Discharges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does the period of hyperpolarization become shorter, leading to further depolarization of neurons?

    <p>Shortened Hyperpolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common surgical operation for refractory patients with epilepsy?

    <p>Temporal lobe resection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications inhibits a spike generating Ca2+ current in thalamic neurones?

    <p>Ethosuximide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of refractory patients benefit from a surgical approach if an underlying structural lesion is identified?

    <p>Small proportion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chance of a patient being seizure-free after a temporal lobe resection surgery?

    <p>60–70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research article provides a practical clinical definition of epilepsy?

    <p>Fisher et al. (2014)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who published 'Essential Med Notes 2020 Comprehensive Medical Reference & Review'?

    <p>Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a seizure?

    <p>A transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal hyper-synchronization of neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be a cause of a seizure?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE), how should epilepsy be considered?

    <p>A disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reflex seizure?

    <p>A seizure caused by a specific stimulus, such as fever or concussion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After a single unprovoked seizure, what is the risk of having another seizure?

    <p>40-52%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a person has two unprovoked, non-febrile seizures, what is the chance of having another seizure within 4 years?

    <p>73%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long must a person be seizure-free to be considered as having resolved epilepsy?

    <p>10 years, with at least the last 5 years off antiseizure medicines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key clinical tool in evaluating an individual presenting with seizures?

    <p>Epilepsy classification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does the epilepsy classification framework help in understanding?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What studies are taken into account when classifying seizure type and epilepsy type?

    <p>Electroencephalography (EEG) and neuroimaging studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three levels of the new Classification of the Epilepsies based on available resources?

    <p>Seizure type, Epilepsy type, Epilepsy syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of epilepsies are included in the focal epilepsies category?

    <p>Both unifocal and multifocal disorders, as well as seizures involving one hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps regulate neuronal excitability during a seizure?

    <p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common automatism observed during a seizure?

    <p>Singing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizure is characterized by whole-body muscle rigidity in flexion or extension?

    <p>Tonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for anticonvulsant drugs like phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate, and lamotrigine?

    <p>Use-dependent blockade of sodium channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizure is characterized by whole-body repetitive rhythmic jerking movements?

    <p>Clonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an absence (petit mal) seizure?

    <p>Violent convulsions</p> Signup and view all the answers

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