30 Questions
What type of epilepsy includes absence, myoclonic, atonic, tonic, and tonic–clonic seizures?
Generalized epilepsy
Which phase temporarily suppresses neuronal activity in the affected area?
Hyperpolarization
What arises from a group of neurons firing together before a seizure occurs?
Interictal Activity
Which type of seizures are characterized by a depolarizing shift in the membrane potential of neurons?
Focal motor seizures
What happens if a sufficient number of neurons become activated and the inhibition from local inhibitory interneurons is overcome?
Synchronous Discharges
During which phase does the period of hyperpolarization become shorter, leading to further depolarization of neurons?
Shortened Hyperpolarization
What is the most common surgical operation for refractory patients with epilepsy?
Temporal lobe resection
Which of the following medications inhibits a spike generating Ca2+ current in thalamic neurones?
Ethosuximide
What proportion of refractory patients benefit from a surgical approach if an underlying structural lesion is identified?
Small proportion
What is the chance of a patient being seizure-free after a temporal lobe resection surgery?
60–70%
Which research article provides a practical clinical definition of epilepsy?
Fisher et al. (2014)
Who published 'Essential Med Notes 2020 Comprehensive Medical Reference & Review'?
Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
What is a seizure?
A transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal hyper-synchronization of neurons
Which of the following can be a cause of a seizure?
All of the above
According to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE), how should epilepsy be considered?
A disease
What is a reflex seizure?
A seizure caused by a specific stimulus, such as fever or concussion
After a single unprovoked seizure, what is the risk of having another seizure?
40-52%
If a person has two unprovoked, non-febrile seizures, what is the chance of having another seizure within 4 years?
73%
How long must a person be seizure-free to be considered as having resolved epilepsy?
10 years, with at least the last 5 years off antiseizure medicines
What is the key clinical tool in evaluating an individual presenting with seizures?
Epilepsy classification
Which of the following does the epilepsy classification framework help in understanding?
All of the above
What studies are taken into account when classifying seizure type and epilepsy type?
Electroencephalography (EEG) and neuroimaging studies
What are the three levels of the new Classification of the Epilepsies based on available resources?
Seizure type, Epilepsy type, Epilepsy syndrome
What types of epilepsies are included in the focal epilepsies category?
Both unifocal and multifocal disorders, as well as seizures involving one hemisphere
What is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps regulate neuronal excitability during a seizure?
GABA
Which of the following is NOT a common automatism observed during a seizure?
Singing
Which type of seizure is characterized by whole-body muscle rigidity in flexion or extension?
Tonic
What is the mechanism of action for anticonvulsant drugs like phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate, and lamotrigine?
Use-dependent blockade of sodium channels
Which type of seizure is characterized by whole-body repetitive rhythmic jerking movements?
Clonic
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an absence (petit mal) seizure?
Violent convulsions
Explore the causes and symptoms of epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by abnormal hyper-synchronization of neurons. Learn about the different factors that can trigger seizures, such as alcohol and drug use, brain injuries, infections, metabolic issues, and genetic predispositions.
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