Neuropathy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of receptor responds to touch, form, and texture, and is located beneath the epidermis of the fingers, palm of the hand, plantar surface of the foot, and toes?

  • Pacinian Corpuscle
  • Merkel's Receptor/Disc
  • Ruffini's Ending
  • Meissner's Corpuscle (correct)

    • What type of ataxia is characterized by a wide and slow gait, a tendency to fall on the side of the lesion, and is commonly seen in alcoholic cerebellar degeneration affecting the anterior lobe?

  • Gait Ataxia (correct)
  • Decomposition of Movement
  • Limb Ataxia
  • Truncal Ataxia

    • Which classification of nerve fibers conducts crude touch, temperature, and fast pain sensations?

  • Ib (A𝜶)
  • Ia (A𝜶)
  • III (A𝜹) (correct)
  • II (A𝜷)

    • What is the minimal distance required to perceive two simultaneously applied stimuli as distinct called?

    <p>Two-Point Discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nucleus in the basal ganglia receives input from cortical association regions, frontal eye field, and limbic regions of cortex?

    <p>Caudate Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the basal ganglia in voluntary movement?

    <p>Provides feedback mechanism to the cerebellum for initiation and control of response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the substantia nigra is responsible for mainly dopamine output?

    <p>Pars Compacta (SNpc)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the basal ganglia in motor learning?

    <p>Providing rewards for motor learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major deep nucleus of the cerebellum?

    <p>Vestibular nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for the control of flexor muscle activation?

    <p>Red nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which afferent pathway receives information into the cerebellum?

    <p>Mossy fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for the coordination of voluntary movements?

    <p>Middle cerebellar peduncle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuropathy is characterized by involvement of multiple nerves and can be classified in various ways, including axonal degeneration, distal vs proximal, and acute vs chronic?

    <p>Polyneuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of nerve injury involves a complete section of the nerve trunk, resulting in poor prognosis and requiring surgery?

    <p>Neurotmesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of polyneuropathy is characterized by distal distribution of deficits, sensory > motor involvement, and normal or mild slowing of conduction velocity?

    <p>Axonal polyneuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors can affect nerve recovery and axon regeneration?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with polyneuropathy?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves healthy axons adopting denervated muscle fibers resulting in a large motor unit with many muscle fibers per axon?

    <p>Collateral Sprouting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the ear collects sound waves and focuses them on the tympanic membrane?

    <p>External Auditory Meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the middle ear?

    <p>Amplifies pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hair cells are the actual sensory receptors for sound?

    <p>Inner Hair Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of sound conduction in the ear?

    <p>Oscillatory movement of stapes against oval window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is associated with the direct pathway in the basal ganglia?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is associated with the indirect pathway in the basal ganglia?

    <p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the balance between the direct and indirect pathways in Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>Indirect pathway is overactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main clinical feature of Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>Resting tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle fibers are innervated by gamma motor neurons?

    <p>Intrafusal fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sensory receptors sense changes in muscle tension?

    <p>Golgi tendon organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Golgi tendon organ in mediating non-conscious proprioception?

    <p>Inhibiting alpha motor neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the crossed extensor reflex?

    <p>Contraction of contralateral flexors and relaxation of extensors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nuclei in the basal ganglia receive input from cortical association regions, frontal eye field, and limbic regions of cortex?

    <p>Caudate Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nucleus in the basal ganglia is responsible for the cognitive aspect of movement?

    <p>Caudate Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nucleus in the basal ganglia is responsible for eye movement?

    <p>Putamen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nucleus in the basal ganglia is adjacent to the globus pallidus and receives input from M1, S1, and primary somatosensory regions?

    <p>Globus Pallidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is associated with the direct pathway in the basal ganglia?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a clinical feature of Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>Chorea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cerebellar division is responsible for postural control and the vestibulo-ocular reflex?

    <p>Vestibulocerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a role of the cerebellum?

    <p>Processing sensory information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following receptors is responsible for detecting skin motion, such as slippage between the skin and an object in the hand?

    <p>Meissner’s Corpuscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nerve fiber conducts crude touch, temperature, and fast pain sensations?

    <p>III (A𝜹)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of rapidly adapting receptors?

    <p>They respond maximally but briefly to stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of slow adapting receptors?

    <p>They keep firing as long as the stimulus is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neuropathy is characterized by a one-time physical trauma event, such as stretch or compression?

    <p>Neurapraxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of nerve injury involves complete section of the nerve trunk, including all axons and connective tissue?

    <p>Neurotmesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of polyneuropathy is characterized by distal distribution of deficits, sensory > motor involvement, and normal or mild slowing of conduction velocity?

    <p>Axonal Demyelinating Polyneuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor affecting nerve recovery (axon regeneration)?

    <p>Distance from cell body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sensory receptors sense changes in muscle stretch/length?

    <p>Muscle Spindles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of gamma motor neurons?

    <p>To innervate intrafusal fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pain sensation is associated with sharp, pricking sensation and fast pain?

    <p>Mechanical Nociceptors (A𝜹)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Golgi tendon organ?

    <p>To sense changes in muscle tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of purkinje cells in the cerebellum?

    <p>They synapse onto granule cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a correct pathway for cortical projections to reach the cerebellum?

    <p>Motor cortex → pontine nuclei → middle peduncle → cerebellar cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a deep cerebellar nucleus?

    <p>Vestibular nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an efferent projection of the cerebellum?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with polyneuropathy?

    <p>Vitamin deficiency (B1, B6, B12, E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for the coordination of voluntary movements?

    <p>Basal ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the middle ear?

    <p>Amplifies pressure and converts sound waves in air into waves in fluid located in inner ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hair cells are the actual sensory receptors for sound?

    <p>Inner hair cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of sound conduction in the ear?

    <p>Pressure waves in perilymph in scala tympani and scala vestibuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is associated with the direct pathway in the basal ganglia?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

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