Neurons and Nervous System Quiz

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What is the function of a motor neuron?

Carries sensory information into the brain

Carries commands to the muscles and organs (correct)

Carries information from the body and outside world into the brain and spinal cord

Connects one neuron to another in the same part of the brain or spinal cord

What is the role of interneurons in the nervous system?

Carry information from the body and outside world into the brain and spinal cord

Carry sensory information into the brain

Carry commands to the muscles and organs

Connect one neuron to another in the same part of the brain or spinal cord (correct)

What is the main characteristic of polarization in a neuron?

Force where ions are repelled from similarly charged and attracted to oppositely charged ions

Difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of the neuron (correct)

Tendency of ions to move through the membrane to less concentrated side

Measure of the difference in electrical charge between two points

What is the force that causes ions to move through the membrane to the less concentrated side?

Force of diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the small gap that separates neurons so they are not in direct physical contact at the synapse called?

Synaptic cleft Signup and view all the answers

What are the membrane-enclosed bubbles at axon terminals which store neurotransmitters called?

Vesicles Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptors form the ion channel and open quickly to produce immediate reactions?

Ionotropic receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the increased polarization which is inhibitory and makes an action potential less likely to occur?

Hyperpolarization Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the process of transmitters taken back into the terminals by transporter proteins, where they are repackaged into vesicles for reuse?

Reuptake Signup and view all the answers

What is the erroneous belief that a neuron was capable of releasing only a single transmitter called?

Dale’s principle Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to the combination of potentials occurring simultaneously at different locations on the dendrites and cell body?

Spatial summation Signup and view all the answers

What are the groups of neurons that function together called?

Neural networks Signup and view all the answers

What is the large-scale, multi-university effort to map the brain’s circuits called?

Human Connectome Project Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process that increases the presynaptic neuron’s release of neurotransmitter onto the postsynaptic neuron?

Presynaptic excitation Signup and view all the answers

What are the receptors on presynaptic terminals which sense the amount of transmitter in the cleft called?

Autoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

What are the varied intervals between spikes in nerve signals called?

Neural codes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sodium-potassium pump?

Moving sodium ions through the cell membrane to the outside and potassium ions back inside Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of ion channels based on gating mechanism?

Chemically gated and electrically gated Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of myelin in the nervous system?

Insulating axons, increasing conduction speed, and reducing energy consumption Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the partial depolarization in a neuron?

Local potential Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Schwann cells in the nervous system?

Producing myelin in the rest of the nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the phenomenon where action potentials appear to jump from node to node in myelinated axons?

Saltatory conduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord?

Producing myelin Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abrupt depolarization of the membrane that allows a neuron to communicate?

Action potential Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microglia in the nervous system?

Killing pathogens and cellular debris in the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the form of transmission in which action potentials appear to jump from node to node in myelinated axons?

Saltatory conduction Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of astrocytes in the nervous system?

Triggering the formation of connections in neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the phenomenon where action potentials travel down the axon without any decrease in size?

Nondecremental propagation Signup and view all the answers

Neurons and Nervous System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of a motor neuron?

What is the role of interneurons in the nervous system?

What is the main characteristic of polarization in a neuron?

What is the force that causes ions to move through the membrane to the less concentrated side?

What is the small gap that separates neurons so they are not in direct physical contact at the synapse called?

What are the membrane-enclosed bubbles at axon terminals which store neurotransmitters called?

What type of receptors form the ion channel and open quickly to produce immediate reactions?

What is the term for the increased polarization which is inhibitory and makes an action potential less likely to occur?

Which term refers to the process of transmitters taken back into the terminals by transporter proteins, where they are repackaged into vesicles for reuse?

What is the erroneous belief that a neuron was capable of releasing only a single transmitter called?

What term refers to the combination of potentials occurring simultaneously at different locations on the dendrites and cell body?

What are the groups of neurons that function together called?

What is the large-scale, multi-university effort to map the brain’s circuits called?

What is the term for the process that increases the presynaptic neuron’s release of neurotransmitter onto the postsynaptic neuron?

What are the receptors on presynaptic terminals which sense the amount of transmitter in the cleft called?

What are the varied intervals between spikes in nerve signals called?

What is the function of the sodium-potassium pump?

What are the two types of ion channels based on gating mechanism?

What is the function of myelin in the nervous system?

What is the term for the partial depolarization in a neuron?

What is the function of Schwann cells in the nervous system?

What is the term for the phenomenon where action potentials appear to jump from node to node in myelinated axons?

What is the main function of oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord?

What is the term for the abrupt depolarization of the membrane that allows a neuron to communicate?

What is the function of microglia in the nervous system?

What is the term for the form of transmission in which action potentials appear to jump from node to node in myelinated axons?

What is the main function of astrocytes in the nervous system?

What is the term for the phenomenon where action potentials travel down the axon without any decrease in size?

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