Neuronal Information Flow
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Questions and Answers

Which type of signals does the nervous system use to propagate information?

  • Chemical signals
  • Electrical signals (correct)
  • Thermal signals
  • Mechanical signals

    • Who discovered the first evidence of electrical signals in neurons?

  • Luigi Galvani (correct)
  • Edgar Adrian
  • Wenow
  • The text does not mention a specific name

    • What is the membrane potential?

  • The resting state of neurons
  • The propagation of nerve impulses
  • The distribution of positive and negative charges on each side of the membrane
  • The electrical potential difference across the neuronal membrane (correct)

    • What happens to the membrane potential when neurons are excited?

    <p>The text does not mention any changes in the membrane potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do nerve impulses do?

    <p>Propagate along the axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did studies of muscle contraction in response to electrical stimulation of motor nerves suggest?

    <p>An all-or-none conduction principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neurons did Edgar Adrian and his co-workers measure nerve impulses from?

    <p>Sensory neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept of modern neuroscience is described in the text?

    <p>The presence of an elementary unit of nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of synaptic potentials in most neurons?

    <p>To determine when and how frequently the neuron will fire action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are synaptic potentials usually produced in a neuron?

    <p>At the dendritic spines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the size of graded potentials?

    <p>The strength of the input stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between action potentials and graded potentials?

    <p>Action potentials are all-or-none, while graded potentials can change in continuous values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at chemical synapses when action potentials arrive at the presynaptic terminals?

    <p>The release of neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neurotransmitters in synaptic transmission?

    <p>To bind to postsynaptic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of action potentials in most neurons?

    <p>To transmit information along the axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist first discovered the ability of an electric current to produce muscle twitches in frogs?

    <p>Luigi Galvani</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sensory neurons mentioned in the text?

    <p>Convey information about touch, pressure, and pain to the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of amplifiers for electrical signals mentioned in the text?

    <p>Record nerve impulses from single axon fibers in response to sensory stimulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical basis of information flow within neurons?

    <p>Electrical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nerve impulses in neurons?

    <p>Propagate information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distribution of positive and negative charges across the neuronal membrane called?

    <p>Membrane potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resting state of neurons in terms of membrane potential?

    <p>More negatively charged inside the cells compared with the extracellular environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of synaptic potentials in most neurons?

    <p>To transmit information between neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of action potentials in most neurons?

    <p>To transmit information along the axons of neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are synaptic potentials usually produced in a neuron?

    <p>At the synapses between neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about action potentials?

    <p>They are the elementary unit of nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between action potentials and graded potentials?

    <p>Action potentials convey information across long distances, while graded potentials change in continuous values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of synaptic potentials in most neurons?

    <p>To determine whether, when, and how frequently the neuron will fire action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the site of action potential initiation in most neurons?

    <p>At the initial segment of the axon, adjacent to the soma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is information transmitted between neurons at electrical synapses?

    <p>By ion flow across the gap junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at chemical synapses when action potentials arrive at the presynaptic terminals?

    <p>Neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron and bind to their receptors on the postsynaptic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of graded potentials in non-spiking neurons?

    <p>To transmit information even in their axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are synaptic potentials usually produced at in a neuron?

    <p>The dendritic spines, along the dendrite tree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the size of graded potentials?

    <p>The strength of the input stimuli and the sensitivity of postsynaptic or sensory neurons to those stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do synaptic potentials in most neurons determine?

    <p>Whether, when, and how frequently the neuron will fire action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

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