Neuron Structure and Function

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What type of neurons are responsible for transmitting impulses from sensory receptors to the central nervous system?

Interneurons

Multipolar neurons

Sensory neurons (correct)

Motor neurons

Where are the cell bodies of most sensory neurons located?

In the brain

In the peripheral nervous system (correct)

In the spinal cord

In the central nervous system

What type of neurons have cell bodies that reside in the central nervous system?

Unipolar neurons

Sensory neurons

Motor neurons

Interneurons (correct)

What is the primary function of interneurons?

To integrate and process information from sensory neurons (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurons are multipolar?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pathway of neurons that complete the communication between sensory and motor neurons?

Association pathway (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the axon?

Transmitting information to other neurons (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of myelin on axons?

To speed up the action potential (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of neurons to respond to a stimulus and convert it to an action potential?

Electrical excitability (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the swollen ends of some axon terminals?

Synaptic end bulbs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurons have several dendrites and one axon?

Multipolar (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for neurons that transmit information from sensory receptors to the CNS?

Sensory neurons (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of synapses?

To facilitate communication between neurons or between a neuron and another cell (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of synapse allows for the synchronization of function?

Electrical synapse (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the space between the communicating neurons in a chemical synapse?

Synaptic cleft (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of neurotransmitter is involved in emotional responses, addictive behaviors, and skeletal muscle tone?

Dopamine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of neuroglial cell forms the myelin sheath of CNS neurons?

Oligodendrocytes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?

To protect the brain from harmful substances (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of neuroglial cell is involved in the removal of debris and phagocytosis of microbes?

Microglia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS?

Nucleus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What part of the spinal cord tapers into a structure called the conus medullaris?

Spinal cord at L2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the small tube in the centre of the spinal cord that contains cerebrospinal fluid?

Central canal (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the anterior horn in the spinal cord?

Contains motor nuclei (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lateral horn in the spinal cord?

Contains sympathetic nuclei (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the dorsal horn in the spinal cord?

Consists of sensory neurons and interneurons (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the reticular formation in the brain stem?

A net-like structure that extends through the brainstem (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pons?

Involved in reflex visual activities (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

Contains centres for the control of heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, and vomiting (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the path of an axon that travels up to the brain as part of a sensory tract?

Dorsal root ganglion to dorsal horn to white matter (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the spinal cord receives the sensory input from the dorsal root ganglion?

Dorsal horn (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of motor output involves the lateral horn and anterior root?

Autonomic motor output (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which direction does the axon of a somatic motor neuron extend after synapsing with the motor tract?

centrifugally towards the spinal nerve (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the dorsal root ganglion in the processing of sensory input?

To receive and process sensory input from peripheral receptors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the destination of the axon that enters the dorsal horn and synapses with an interneuron?

The ventral horn as part of a spinal reflex pathway (B) Signup and view all the answers