Neuron Ion Concentration Quiz

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What are the chemical components that support the neuronal membrane at rest?

Water, ions, phospholipids, and proteins

What drives the ions to pass the neuronal membrane, making it electrically excitable?

The membrane potential

What is the basis of membrane potentials in neurons?

Ions that can pass the membrane

What is the process activated by skin deformation in the nervous system?

Activation of cutaneous mechanoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

What type of reflex is initiated by the flexor withdrawal in response to a stimulus?

Flexor withdrawal reflex Signup and view all the answers

What are the key characteristics of water in intra- and extracellular fluids?

Polar solvent Signup and view all the answers

Define cations and provide examples of cations.

Positively charged ions, e.g. Na+, K+, Ca++ Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the plasma membrane maintaining a concentration gradient of different ions?

The excitability of neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ion pumps?

To push ions against the concentration gradient and produce ion concentration gradients Signup and view all the answers

What is the equilibrium potential for an ion?

The membrane potential at which the net ionic flow is 0 Signup and view all the answers

What are the two effects of K+ ions accumulating at the outside of the neuron?

Diminish the concentration gradient and turn the inside more electrically negative than the outside Signup and view all the answers

What is the Nernst equation used for, and what does it take into account?

The Nernst equation is used to calculate the equilibrium potential of each ion (EION). It takes into account the charge of the ion, temperature, and the ratio of outside and inside concentrations of the ion. Signup and view all the answers

How is the equilibrium potential (EION) affected when the intracellular K+ concentration quadruples?

The equilibrium potential (EION) for K+ increases. Signup and view all the answers

What determines the membrane potential (Vm) according to Goldman's equation?

The relative permeabilities of Na+, K+, and Cl- ions. Signup and view all the answers

How is the resting membrane potential (Vm) affected by an increase in extracellular K+ ions?

An increase in extracellular K+ ions depolarizes the resting membrane potential (Vm). Signup and view all the answers

What are the main chemical components that support the neuronal membrane at rest?

Water, ions, phospholipids, and proteins Signup and view all the answers

What drives the ions to pass the neuronal membrane, making it electrically excitable?

The ions that can pass the membrane and the driving forces behind their movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the equilibrium potential in the context of neuronal membrane potentials?

The equilibrium potential determines the membrane potential for a specific ion based on its concentration gradient and the ion's charge Signup and view all the answers

What are the key characteristics of water in intra- and extracellular fluids?

Polar solvent Signup and view all the answers

Explain the process activated by skin deformation in the nervous system.

Flexor withdrawal reflex Signup and view all the answers

What are the 5 important points to consider about equilibrium potentials (EION)?

<ol> <li>Large changes in Vm but minuscule changes in ion concentrations. 2. Net difference in electric charge. 3. Ion current (Iion) is proportional to Vm-Eion and to the conductivity of the membrane to that ion (gion). 4. Difference of concentration allows the calculation of Eion using the Nernst equation. 5. Eion are essentially constants.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the membrane potential (Vm) according to Goldman's equation?

Concentration gradient and permeability of the membrane to different ions Signup and view all the answers

How does the resting membrane potential (Vm) respond to an increase in extracellular K+ ions?

An increase in extracellular K+ ions depolarizes the Vm. Signup and view all the answers

What factors determine the membrane potential (Vm) according to Goldman's equation?

According to Goldman's equation, Vm is determined by the relative permeabilities of Na+, K+, and Cl- ions at a given time. Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of K+ channels and how do they impact the resting potential?

K+ channels consist of 4 transmembrane subunits with a hairpin pore, and mutations in these channels can lead to hereditary neurological disorders. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ions in making a neuron electrically excitable?

Ions maintain the resting membrane potential of the neuron Signup and view all the answers

Which equation is used to calculate the equilibrium potential for an ion?

Nernst's equation Signup and view all the answers

What is the key factor in determining the membrane potential according to Goldman's equation?

Relative permeability of ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of water in intra- and extracellular fluids?

Polar solvent Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ion pumps in neuronal signaling?

Maintain the resting membrane potential Signup and view all the answers

What determines the movement of ions across the neuronal membrane according to Ohm's law?

Electrical potential (V) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the equilibrium potential (EK) if the extracellular potassium ion concentration ([K+]o) equals the intracellular potassium ion concentration ([K+]i)?

EK remains unchanged Signup and view all the answers

What determines the membrane potential (Vm) according to Goldman's equation?

The relative permeabilities of multiple ions and their concentrations inside and outside the cell Signup and view all the answers

How does the resting membrane potential (Vm) respond to an increase in extracellular potassium ions ([K+]o)?

Vm depolarizes Signup and view all the answers

What drives the ions to pass the neuronal membrane, making it electrically excitable?

Both concentration and electrical gradients Signup and view all the answers

Neuron Ion Concentration Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the chemical components that support the neuronal membrane at rest?

What drives the ions to pass the neuronal membrane, making it electrically excitable?

What is the basis of membrane potentials in neurons?

What is the process activated by skin deformation in the nervous system?

What type of reflex is initiated by the flexor withdrawal in response to a stimulus?

What are the key characteristics of water in intra- and extracellular fluids?

Define cations and provide examples of cations.

What is the result of the plasma membrane maintaining a concentration gradient of different ions?

What is the function of ion pumps?

What is the equilibrium potential for an ion?

What are the two effects of K+ ions accumulating at the outside of the neuron?

What is the Nernst equation used for, and what does it take into account?

How is the equilibrium potential (EION) affected when the intracellular K+ concentration quadruples?

What determines the membrane potential (Vm) according to Goldman's equation?

How is the resting membrane potential (Vm) affected by an increase in extracellular K+ ions?

What are the main chemical components that support the neuronal membrane at rest?

What drives the ions to pass the neuronal membrane, making it electrically excitable?

What is the significance of the equilibrium potential in the context of neuronal membrane potentials?

What are the key characteristics of water in intra- and extracellular fluids?

Explain the process activated by skin deformation in the nervous system.

What are the 5 important points to consider about equilibrium potentials (EION)?

What determines the membrane potential (Vm) according to Goldman's equation?

How does the resting membrane potential (Vm) respond to an increase in extracellular K+ ions?

What factors determine the membrane potential (Vm) according to Goldman's equation?

What is the structure of K+ channels and how do they impact the resting potential?

What is the role of ions in making a neuron electrically excitable?

Which equation is used to calculate the equilibrium potential for an ion?

What is the key factor in determining the membrane potential according to Goldman's equation?

What is the key characteristic of water in intra- and extracellular fluids?

What is the function of ion pumps in neuronal signaling?

What determines the movement of ions across the neuronal membrane according to Ohm's law?

What happens to the equilibrium potential (EK) if the extracellular potassium ion concentration ([K+]o) equals the intracellular potassium ion concentration ([K+]i)?

What determines the membrane potential (Vm) according to Goldman's equation?

How does the resting membrane potential (Vm) respond to an increase in extracellular potassium ions ([K+]o)?

What drives the ions to pass the neuronal membrane, making it electrically excitable?

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