Neuron Histology Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of motor neurons?

  • Transfer sound from the air to the middle ear
  • Conduct motor impulses within the brain and spinal cord (correct)
  • Support nerve regeneration
  • Conduct sensory impulses

    • Where are giant pyramidal cells located?

    Primary motor area of the cerebral cortex

    What is the function of Purkinje cells?

    Convergence from an area with many neurons to a synapse with fewer neurons

    What is the function of Schwann cells?

    <p>Support nerve regeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nodes of Ranvier?

    <p>Action potential signal jumps from node to node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of multipolar neurons?

    <p>One axon and multiple dendrites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of unipolar neurons?

    <p>Carry sensory signals to the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bipolar neurons?

    <p>Sensory neurons of the ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area does the cerebellum occupy?

    <p>Posterior cranial fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tympanic membrane more commonly known as?

    <p>Ear drum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Eustachian tube?

    <p>Ventilated middle ear space and maintains middle ear pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of middle ear bones?

    <p>Transfers air waves to fluid waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the cochlea do?

    <p>Transfers cochlear liquids to neural signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the sclera?

    <p>Tough protection and muscle attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the iris do?

    <p>Regulates the amount of light entering the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the retina?

    <p>Converts light into neural signals for vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neuron Types and Functions

    • Motor neurons are multipolar and primarily located in the brain and spinal cord, conducting motor impulses.
    • Giant pyramidal cells reside in the primary motor cortex, receiving and transmitting motor signals to the body.
    • Purkinje cells are found in the cerebellum; they converge signals from numerous neurons to fewer synapses.
    • Unipolar neurons convey sensory signals to the spinal cord, characterized by a single process extending from the axon.
    • Bipolar neurons consist of one axon and one dendrite, mainly associated with sensory functions of the ear.

    Neuroglial Cells and Myelination

    • Schwann cells play a crucial role in supporting nerve regeneration.
    • Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in myelin where action potentials jump, enhancing signal transmission.

    Nervous System Structures

    • The cerebellum is located in the posterior cranial fossa, vital for motor control.
    • Cerebral hemispheres consist of left and right halves of the brain involved in various functions.
    • The corpus callosum connects the two cerebral hemispheres, facilitating communication.
    • The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information.
    • The hypothalamus regulates autonomic functions and maintains homeostasis.
    • The choroid plexus produces cerebrospinal fluid, aiding in brain protection.
    • The lateral ventricle, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, and fourth ventricle are involved in cerebrospinal fluid circulation.

    Ear Anatomy and Function

    • The tympanic membrane (ear drum) transmits sound from air to the middle ear.
    • The temporal bone houses essential hearing structures.
    • The Eustachian tube equalizes pressure in the middle ear, maintaining ventilation.
    • Middle ear bones convert air waves into fluid waves within the cochlea.
    • The cochlea transforms cochlear fluids into neural signals for auditory perception.
    • The hammer (malleus) transfers vibrations to the anvil (incus), which in turn relays to the stirrup (stapes), sending signals to the oval window.

    Eye Anatomy and Visual Processing

    • The sclera provides tough protection and serves as an attachment site for muscles.
    • The cornea controls and focuses light entry into the eye.
    • The iris adjusts the light intake through the pupil, which regulates the amount of light entering.
    • The retina converts light into neural signals essential for vision.
    • Lacrimal glands produce tears, while ducts discharge them.

    Sheep Brain Comparisons

    • Grey matter in sheep contains neuronal cell bodies, while white matter consists of myelinated axons.
    • The sheep brain has distinct lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital, supporting various functional areas.
    • Specific ventricles such as the third and fourth have defined roles in cerebrospinal fluid circulation within the sheep brain.

    Spinal Cord Structure

    • A spinal cross section reveals the organization of grey and white matter, essential for reflexes and signal transmission.
    • The longitudinal cord structure supports ascending and descending pathways for communication between the brain and body.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the structure and function of neurons with these flashcards. This quiz covers key types of neurons such as motor neurons and giant pyramidal cells, helping you understand their roles in the nervous system.

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