Neuron Histology Flashcards

Motor neurons are multipolar and primarily located in the brain and spinal cord, conducting motor impulses.
Giant pyramidal cells reside in the primary motor cortex, receiving and transmitting motor signals to the body.
Purkinje cells are found in the cerebellum; they converge signals from numerous neurons to fewer synapses.
Unipolar neurons convey sensory signals to the spinal cord, characterized by a single process extending from the axon.
Bipolar neurons consist of one axon and one dendrite, mainly associated with sensory functions of the ear.

Schwann cells play a crucial role in supporting nerve regeneration.
Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in myelin where action potentials jump, enhancing signal transmission.

The cerebellum is located in the posterior cranial fossa, vital for motor control.
Cerebral hemispheres consist of left and right halves of the brain involved in various functions.
The corpus callosum connects the two cerebral hemispheres, facilitating communication.
The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information.
The hypothalamus regulates autonomic functions and maintains homeostasis.
The choroid plexus produces cerebrospinal fluid, aiding in brain protection.
The lateral ventricle, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, and fourth ventricle are involved in cerebrospinal fluid circulation.

The tympanic membrane (ear drum) transmits sound from air to the middle ear.
The temporal bone houses essential hearing structures.
The Eustachian tube equalizes pressure in the middle ear, maintaining ventilation.
Middle ear bones convert air waves into fluid waves within the cochlea.
The cochlea transforms cochlear fluids into neural signals for auditory perception.
The hammer (malleus) transfers vibrations to the anvil (incus), which in turn relays to the stirrup (stapes), sending signals to the oval window.

The sclera provides tough protection and serves as an attachment site for muscles.
The cornea controls and focuses light entry into the eye.
The iris adjusts the light intake through the pupil, which regulates the amount of light entering.
The retina converts light into neural signals essential for vision.
Lacrimal glands produce tears, while ducts discharge them.

Grey matter in sheep contains neuronal cell bodies, while white matter consists of myelinated axons.
The sheep brain has distinct lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital, supporting various functional areas.
Specific ventricles such as the third and fourth have defined roles in cerebrospinal fluid circulation within the sheep brain.

A spinal cross section reveals the organization of grey and white matter, essential for reflexes and signal transmission.
The longitudinal cord structure supports ascending and descending pathways for communication between the brain and body.