Neuron Cell Parts Flashcards

Neuron Overview

• A neuron is a nerve cell responsible for carrying impulses throughout the body, facilitating communication within the nervous system.

Dendrites

• Dendrites are short, branching fibers extending from the neuron’s cell body that receive incoming signals and messages from other neurons.

Nucleus

• The nucleus is a vital part of the neuron cell, containing DNA and RNA. It plays a crucial role in the growth and reproduction of the neuron.

Axon

• The axon is a long nerve fiber that transmits electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

Axon Terminals

• Axon terminals are the branching ends of axons, allowing for the connection and transmission of signals to adjacent cells.

Soma Cell (Cell Body)

• The soma, or cell body, contains the nucleus and integrates incoming signals before passing them along the axon. It is essential for maintaining the cell's functions.

Myelin Sheath

• The myelin sheath is a protective layer of fatty tissue that encases the axon, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse transmission and improving communication efficiency within the nervous system.