Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a structural specialization at the neuromuscular junction that supports the localization of a high density of ACh receptors?
Which of the following is a structural specialization at the neuromuscular junction that supports the localization of a high density of ACh receptors?
- Formation of junctional folds (correct)
- Presence of voltage-activated Ca2+ channels
- Clustering of synaptic vesicles
- Expression of voltage-activated sodium channels
What is the role of voltage-activated Ca2+ channels at the presynaptic terminal of the neuromuscular junction?
What is the role of voltage-activated Ca2+ channels at the presynaptic terminal of the neuromuscular junction?
- To release acetylcholine from synaptic vesicles
- To increase the surface area of the postsynaptic membrane
- To provide the calcium needed for vesicle exocytosis (correct)
- To depolarize the postsynaptic muscle fiber
What is the electrical event generated in the postsynaptic muscle fiber following a presynaptic action potential that is caused by the influx of cations through ACh receptor channels?
What is the electrical event generated in the postsynaptic muscle fiber following a presynaptic action potential that is caused by the influx of cations through ACh receptor channels?
- Action potential
- Activation of Na+ channels
- Depolarization of the postsynaptic
- End-plate potential (correct)
Which one of these is responsible for depolarizing the muscle fiber membrane potential to threshold for activation of voltage-gated Na+ channels?
Which one of these is responsible for depolarizing the muscle fiber membrane potential to threshold for activation of voltage-gated Na+ channels?
Why does a decrease in extracellular Ca2+ levels disrupt transmission at the neuromuscular junction?
Why does a decrease in extracellular Ca2+ levels disrupt transmission at the neuromuscular junction?
What are the main types of ligand-gated ion channels for glutamate?
What are the main types of ligand-gated ion channels for glutamate?
What is the role of NMDA receptors in excitatory synaptic transmission?
What is the role of NMDA receptors in excitatory synaptic transmission?
What is the main function of the presynaptic terminal at the neuromuscular junction?
What is the main function of the presynaptic terminal at the neuromuscular junction?
What is the role of voltage-activated sodium channels at the postsynaptic muscle fiber?
What is the role of voltage-activated sodium channels at the postsynaptic muscle fiber?
What is the function of the junctional folds in the postsynaptic muscle fiber?
What is the function of the junctional folds in the postsynaptic muscle fiber?
What is the main function of voltage-activated Ca2+ channels at the presynaptic terminal?
What is the main function of voltage-activated Ca2+ channels at the presynaptic terminal?
What is the significance of the density of ACh receptors at the crests of the junction folds?
What is the significance of the density of ACh receptors at the crests of the junction folds?
What is the role of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic terminal?
What is the role of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic terminal?
What is the main function of the end-plate potential (EPP) in the postsynaptic muscle fiber?
What is the main function of the end-plate potential (EPP) in the postsynaptic muscle fiber?
What is the role of voltage-activated Ca2+ channels at the postsynaptic muscle fiber?
What is the role of voltage-activated Ca2+ channels at the postsynaptic muscle fiber?
What is the significance of the active zones at the presynaptic terminal?
What is the significance of the active zones at the presynaptic terminal?
What is the function of voltage-activated sodium channels at the presynaptic terminal?
What is the function of voltage-activated sodium channels at the presynaptic terminal?
Temporal summation refers to
Temporal summation refers to
What is the role of synaptobrevin in synaptic vesicle fusion?
What is the role of synaptobrevin in synaptic vesicle fusion?
What happens when extracellular calcium levels are decreased at the neuromuscular junction?
What happens when extracellular calcium levels are decreased at the neuromuscular junction?
Why do neurons in the central nervous system express different glutamate receptor subunits?
Why do neurons in the central nervous system express different glutamate receptor subunits?
What are the main roles of AMPA receptors in excitatory synaptic transmission?
What are the main roles of AMPA receptors in excitatory synaptic transmission?
What are the main roles of KA receptors in excitatory synaptic transmission?
What are the main roles of KA receptors in excitatory synaptic transmission?
What are the main roles of NMDA receptors in excitatory synaptic transmission?
What are the main roles of NMDA receptors in excitatory synaptic transmission?
What is the role of synaptotagmin in synaptic vesicle fusion?
What is the role of synaptotagmin in synaptic vesicle fusion?
What is the role of AMPA receptors in producing postsynaptic depolarization?
What is the role of AMPA receptors in producing postsynaptic depolarization?
Why does a decrease in extracellular Ca2+ levels disrupt transmission at the neuromuscular junction?
Why does a decrease in extracellular Ca2+ levels disrupt transmission at the neuromuscular junction?
What are the proteins in the presynaptic terminal responsible for guiding synaptic vesicles to the plasma membrane and preparing them for eventual release?
What are the proteins in the presynaptic terminal responsible for guiding synaptic vesicles to the plasma membrane and preparing them for eventual release?
How does an action potential invading the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron trigger synaptic vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane?
How does an action potential invading the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron trigger synaptic vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane?
Why do neurons in the central nervous system express so many different glutamate receptor subunits?
Why do neurons in the central nervous system express so many different glutamate receptor subunits?
What are the major types of ligand-gated ion channels for glutamate?
What are the major types of ligand-gated ion channels for glutamate?
What are the main roles of AMPA, NMDA, and KA receptors in excitatory synaptic transmission?
What are the main roles of AMPA, NMDA, and KA receptors in excitatory synaptic transmission?
What is temporal summation?
What is temporal summation?
What is the role of Synaptotagmin in synaptic vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane?
What is the role of Synaptotagmin in synaptic vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane?
What is the requirement for activation of NMDA receptors?
What is the requirement for activation of NMDA receptors?
What is the ion channel of AMPA receptors highly permeable to?
What is the ion channel of AMPA receptors highly permeable to?
Which ion is excluded from entering the cell when GABAA receptors are activated?
Which ion is excluded from entering the cell when GABAA receptors are activated?
How many different types of GABAA receptors are there?
How many different types of GABAA receptors are there?
Which GABAA receptor subtype generates an extra-synaptic pool of receptors?
Which GABAA receptor subtype generates an extra-synaptic pool of receptors?
Which GABAA receptor subtype mediates phasic inhibitory transmission?
Which GABAA receptor subtype mediates phasic inhibitory transmission?
Which GABAA receptor subtype is persistently active and produces a persistent flux of Cl- into the cell?
Which GABAA receptor subtype is persistently active and produces a persistent flux of Cl- into the cell?
What is the main effect of activation of GABAA receptors?
What is the main effect of activation of GABAA receptors?
What is the role of sedative-hypnotic drugs on GABAergic, inhibitory synaptic transmission?
What is the role of sedative-hypnotic drugs on GABAergic, inhibitory synaptic transmission?
What is the role of anxiolytic drugs on GABAergic, inhibitory synaptic transmission?
What is the role of anxiolytic drugs on GABAergic, inhibitory synaptic transmission?
Which ion is responsible for the hyperpolarization produced by GABAA receptor activation?
Which ion is responsible for the hyperpolarization produced by GABAA receptor activation?
What is the main role of GABAA receptors in inhibitory synaptic transmission?
What is the main role of GABAA receptors in inhibitory synaptic transmission?
Which type of drugs primarily act by enhancing the affinity of GABAA receptors for GABA?
Which type of drugs primarily act by enhancing the affinity of GABAA receptors for GABA?
What is the activity-dependent modulation of GABAergic inhibition mediated by endocannabinoids known as?
What is the activity-dependent modulation of GABAergic inhibition mediated by endocannabinoids known as?
What is the category of conditions and/or injuries to the peripheral nerves called?
What is the category of conditions and/or injuries to the peripheral nerves called?
What is the term for damage to the axon and everything distal to the injury, including the axon and the myelin sheath?
What is the term for damage to the axon and everything distal to the injury, including the axon and the myelin sheath?
What is the term for damage to the cell body of a neuron?
What is the term for damage to the cell body of a neuron?
What is the term for damage to the myelin sheath of a nerve?
What is the term for damage to the myelin sheath of a nerve?
What is the better-understood form of retrograde synaptic transmission seen at some inhibitory synapses?
What is the better-understood form of retrograde synaptic transmission seen at some inhibitory synapses?
What is the name of the endogenous compounds similar to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) found in cannabis?
What is the name of the endogenous compounds similar to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) found in cannabis?
What activates enzymatic pathways that convert membrane lipids into endocannabinoids at inhibitory synapses?
What activates enzymatic pathways that convert membrane lipids into endocannabinoids at inhibitory synapses?
What do endocannabinoids released from the postsynaptic cell do at inhibitory synapses?
What do endocannabinoids released from the postsynaptic cell do at inhibitory synapses?
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