Neuromuscular Junction Quiz

<p>Receives and transmits signals from the motor neuron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At the apex of the junctional folds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breaking down acetylcholine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows the muscle spindle to provide information to the CNS even when the muscle is not being stretched. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monosynaptic, excitatory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct opening of ion channels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle Spindle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes the antagonist muscle to relax. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a monosynaptic reflex. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanical nociceptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To signal potential or actual tissue damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A-delta fibers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are more susceptible to undetected injuries and infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modulating pain signals based on input from peripheral and central nervous systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By triggering the release of inflammatory mediators that activate the nociceptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are involved in the transmission of sharp, pricking pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are widely distributed throughout the body, including the skin, deep tissues, and viscera (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are responsible for transmitting pain signals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide the CNS with information about muscle length and the rate of change in length. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Are primarily responsible for position sense. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Innervate intrafusal muscle fibers to maintain spindle sensitivity during muscle contraction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ia fibers provide both phasic and tonic responses, while II fibers provide only tonic responses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detect and regulate muscle force. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Withdrawal reflex. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining the sensitivity of muscle spindles during muscle contraction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ia afferent fibers from muscle spindles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is triggered by muscle contraction and causes muscle relaxation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are located within the belly of muscle and run parallel to extrafusal muscle fibers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both tonic and phasic information about muscle length and movement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spinal muscular atrophy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contract the intrafusal muscle fibers to maintain spindle tension. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive stretching of the muscle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have opposite effects on muscle activity, muscle spindles promoting contraction, and Golgi tendon organs promoting relaxation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proprioception is essential for maintaining balance and coordinating movement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal muscle physiology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle fiber type (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Between 200 and 300 ms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analysis of muscle fiber types (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased activity during rest and sleep. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cortisol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delayed tissue healing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain always indicates tissue damage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain that spreads or changes location over time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exaggerating the severity and impact of pain. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoidance of activities due to fear of pain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Persistent pain management requires a holistic approach, including cognitive factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By using appropriate therapies and minimizing prolonged pain exposure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber, facilitating communication.

A neurotransmitter released by motor neurons at the NMJ, always excitatory for muscles.

The small gap (20-30 nm) between the neuron and muscle cell where neurotransmitters diffuse.

The specialized region of the muscle cell membrane at the NMJ, equipped with receptors for ACh.

An ionotropic receptor in the NMJ that allows Na+ influx, leading to muscle depolarization.

An enzyme in the muscle membrane that breaks down ACh after it activates the muscle.

Folds in the muscle membrane at the NMJ that increase surface area for receptor placement.

ACh receptors not found at NMJs; act differently in other parts of the body.

A coactivation mechanism preventing unloading of muscle spindle fibers, aiding CNS communication.

A quick muscle stretch reflex that responds to stimulation, involving monosynaptic connection.

Sensory axons that carry information from muscle spindles to the spinal cord during stretch reflex.

Neurons that inhibit alpha motor neurons of antagonist muscles during reflex action.

A reflex that responds to sustained muscle stretch, using group II sensory axons.

Part of the autonomic nervous system that triggers the 'fight or flight' response by releasing adrenaline during threats.

The release of adrenaline by the sympathetic nervous system when a perceived threat is detected.

Part of the autonomic nervous system active during rest and sleep, promoting relaxation and recovery.

A stress hormone released by the adrenal gland, often triggered by ACTH from the pituitary gland during stress.

Proteins released during stress and pain that promote inflammation and are increased in chronic conditions.

Pain that persists beyond tissue healing, often linked to changes in the brain and emotions.

Cognitive factors such as catastrophizing and hypervigilance that can intensify the experience of pain.

A cognitive distortion where one expects the worst possible outcome, which can amplify pain perception.

Actions taken to prevent pain that can lead to increased disability and reinforcement of pain pathways.

Alterations in the central nervous system that can occur due to chronic pain, affecting movement and perception.

The route from pain receptors to the primary somatosensory cortex.

Myelinated nerve fibers that transmit fast pain signals.

Unmyelinated nerve fibers that transmit slow, dull pain signals.

Neurons that can modulate pain signals in the CNS.

Receptors that respond to harmful or painful stimuli.

Nociceptors activated by extreme temperatures.

Nociceptors activated by intense pressure on the skin.

Nociceptors that respond to mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli.

Pain serves as a warning signal for actual or potential tissue damage.

Absence of pain can lead to tissue damage and shorter lifespans.

A test observing electrical activity in muscles to assess pathology.

Spontaneous activity in a muscle upon needle insertion, lasting less than 300 ms.

Expected electrical patterns in muscles that indicate healthy nerve communication.

EMG data should be assessed with all available clinical information.

Conditions identified through abnormal EMG patterns indicating nerve or muscle issues.

An autoimmune disease causing muscle weakness and fatigue due to reduced ACh receptors.

Sensory receptors within muscles that provide information about muscle length and stretch.

Sensory receptors that monitor tension in tendons and prevent muscle overload.

The sense of body position and movement, including static limb position and kinesthesia.

Modified muscle fibers found in muscle spindles that detect stretch.

Sensory nerve fibers that provide rapid responses during muscle stretch; involved in reflexes.

Sensory nerve fibers that provide tonic position sense, ending on nuclear chain fibers.

Motor neurons that innervate intrafusal fibers to maintain muscle spindle sensitivity.

Largest motor neurons that innervate extrafusal muscle fibers for voluntary movements.

Receptors in joints that provide sensory feedback about joint position and movement.

Neural pathways involved in reflex actions, including muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ reflexes.

The ability to detect movement or changes in body position.

The reflex that prevents muscle contraction in response to excessive tension on the tendon, mediated by GTO.