Neurology Quiz on Myasthenia Gravis and Related Disorders

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What is a common symptom of Myasthenia Gravis that may lead to respiratory failure?

Fatigue with prolonged rest

Bulbar weakness (correct)

Dysphonia

Localized weakness

Which of the following is NOT a first-line treatment for Myasthenia Gravis?

Plasmapheresis

Thymectomy

IVIG (correct)

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Which diagnostic test is primarily used to assess for acetylcholine receptor antibodies in Myasthenia Gravis?

Ice pack test

Single fiber electromyography

Repetitive nerve stimulation

Acetylcholine receptor antibody assay (correct)

What is the typical pattern of weakness in Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome?

Weakness that varies with activity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is known to potentially worsen Myasthenia Gravis symptoms?

Beta blockers Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by inflammation of the brain, often due to a viral infection?

Encephalitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome compared to Myasthenia Gravis?

Power increases with sustained contraction Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Myasthenia Gravis?

Localized pain Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary symptom associated with sixth nerve palsy?

Convergent squint in primary position Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a patient with recent-onset third nerve palsy, what is the critical action required if pupillary involvement is noted?

Refer to a neurologist or ophthalmologist urgently Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is a common cause of sixth nerve palsy?

Diabetes mellitus Signup and view all the answers

What ocular movement is affected in a patient with right-sided sixth nerve palsy?

Outward gaze Signup and view all the answers

Based on the clinical findings in the case presented, which cranial nerve palsy is most likely affecting the patient?

Third nerve palsy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following patients is most likely to benefit from empirical acyclovir treatment?

A patient suspected of having viral encephalitis with focal neurological features Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is typically absent in patients with encephalopathy?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

What is a common precipitant of hepatic encephalopathy?

Gastrointestinal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary toxin associated with hepatic encephalopathy?

Ammonia Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is typically employed during acute episodes of hepatic encephalopathy?

Lactulose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates advanced chronic liver disease in the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy?

Elevated serum ammonia levels Signup and view all the answers

What dietary restriction is recommended for patients recovering from an episode of hepatic encephalopathy?

Limit dietary protein to 60–80 g/day Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical sign is LEAST associated with hepatic encephalopathy?

Coughing Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates encephalopathy from encephalitis in terms of symptoms?

Encephalopathy typically lacks fever, headache, or seizures. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Reye's syndrome in children and adolescents?

Brain swelling with fatty infiltration of viscera Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary symptom of severe hypoglycemic encephalopathy?

Dilatation of pupils Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT a common cause of hypoglycemic encephalopathy?

Uremia Signup and view all the answers

What physiological condition is characterized by fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances?

Uremia Signup and view all the answers

Which symptoms are typically seen in the early stages of uremic encephalopathy?

Apathy and irritability Signup and view all the answers

What can occur if metabolic acidosis associated with uremia is not corrected?

Transition to Cheyne-Stokes breathing Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the phase of hypoglycemia marked by coma and other severe symptoms?

Medullary phase Signup and view all the answers

What neurological symptom might indicate uremic toxic psychosis?

Hallucinations Signup and view all the answers

What is often a long-term consequence of untreated severe uremia?

Coma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is associated with uremic toxicity?

Urea Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by dysarthria and asterixis among its symptoms?

Uremic encephalopathy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause associated with Reye syndrome?

Congenital metabolic disorders Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly observed in Wernicke encephalopathy?

Ataxia Signup and view all the answers

What immediate treatment is recommended for someone suspected of having Wernicke encephalopathy?

Thiamine administration Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Korsakoff syndrome from Wernicke encephalopathy?

Involves severe memory impairments Signup and view all the answers

What is the mortality rate associated with Reye syndrome?

21% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common feature of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)?

Progressive brain tissue degeneration Signup and view all the answers

In Wernicke encephalopathy, what additional condition might be present due to thiamine deficiency?

Peripheral neuropathy Signup and view all the answers

What is a common initial symptom of Reye syndrome?

Protracted vomiting Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is least likely linked to Reye syndrome?

Alcohol consumption Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary neurological complication that can occur following Wernicke encephalopathy?

Korsakoff syndrome Signup and view all the answers