Neurology: Motor Pathways and Functions

<p>Thalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Programming motor sequences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At the level of the midbrain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Planning and coordinating movements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controls voluntary movements of the limbs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty performing complex movements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitates flexor muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Premotor Cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It inhibits the stretch reflex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short-term memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apraxia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyramidal tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediately anterior to the central sulcus and extends to the medial surface of the hemisphere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypothalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In a mirrored, upside-down fashion, with larger areas for frequently used body parts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To plan and sequence complex movements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reticulospinal tract (A), Rubrospinal tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upper motor neuron lesions affect the central nervous system, while lower motor neuron lesions affect the peripheral nervous system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weakness and difficulty with fine motor movements on the contralateral side of the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Planning and sequencing complex movements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lateral and inferior vestibular nuclei (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stabilizing head position and coordinating head and eye movements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tectospinal tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It serves as the origin of the tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Turning the head towards a sound source (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pontine nuclei excite antigravity muscles, while the medullary nuclei relax them. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lateral vestibulospinal tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reticular formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibits the stretch reflex by inhibiting gamma motor neurons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controlling respiration and cardiovascular function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitatory reticular formation of the pons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Olivospinal tract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bulbar palsy is caused by lower motor neuron lesions, while pseudobulbar palsy is caused by upper motor neuron lesions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fine motor control of the fingers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It facilitates the stretch reflex, increasing muscle tone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mediating gross movements involving large muscle groups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle fasciculations (A), Muscle atrophy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulation of the pyramidal system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control of voluntary movements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Segmentation of symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a reflex that is indicative of damage to the pyramidal system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A brain region that executes skilled movements and controls contralateral body musculature.

Nerve pathways that originate in the motor cortex and control voluntary bodily movements.

Nerve pathways involved in coordinating involuntary movements and reflexes, distinct from pyramidal system.

Neurons originating in the motor cortex that transmit impulses to lower motor neurons in the spinal cord.

Neurons that originate in the spinal cord and directly innervate muscles to produce movement.

Weakness or paralysis of muscles innervated by the cranial nerves due to damage in the brainstem.

A condition caused by upper motor neuron lesions affecting speech, swallowing, and facial expression.

A reflex action in which the big toe extends upward when the sole of the foot is stroked, indicating neurological function.

A descending tract that mediates postural reflexes to maintain upright posture by facilitating extensor muscles.

A descending tract that stabilizes head position by innervating neck muscles and coordinating head and eye movements.

A descending tract from the midbrain that coordinates head movement in response to visual stimuli.

Originates from the superior colliculus, concerned with directing vision and turning the head towards light.

Originates from the inferior colliculus, focuses on auditory reflexes and turning the head towards sounds.

A tract that influences muscle tone and posture through excitation or relaxation of antigravity muscles.

Group of nuclei that excite antigravity muscles, primarily the neck, trunk, and legs.

Group of nuclei that relaxes antigravity muscles, providing balance to muscle tone.

A tract that innervates cranial motor nuclei bilaterally, except for lower facial and genioglossus muscles.

Cranial motor nuclei that are only innervated unilaterally by the contralateral cortex.

Located in the midbrain, it plays a role in motor coordination and initiating gross movements.

Originates from the red nucleus and descends in the spinal cord, involved in movement control.

Acts as a relay, initiates gross movements, and inhibits motor neurons and stretch reflex.

A set of neural structures that coordinate involuntary movements and reflexes, including the basal ganglia.

A pathway that helps control reflexes for postural stability and eye movements.

A muscle contraction response that occurs when a muscle is stretched.

Located between cingulate sulcus and premotor cortex, it programs motor sequences and aids in mental rehearsal of movements.

Broadmann's area 6, located anterior to primary motor cortex, it plans and anticipates specific motor acts.

Descending pathways classified into pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts for motor control.

A major pyramidal tract originating from sensory and motor cortex, involved in voluntary motor control.

A disorder resulting from damage to the supplementary motor area and premotor cortex, affecting skilled movements.

Located in premotor cortex, it is responsible for speech production but doesn't prevent simple vocalizations.

Result in re-emergence of reflexes, and slowing of complex limb movements without paralysis.

The decrease in muscle mass, often associated with disuse or nerve damage.

Involuntary contractions of small muscle fibers, often a sign of nerve damage.

Extension of the big toe and fanning of other toes when the sole is stroked, indicating pyramidal damage.

A motor pathway controlling voluntary movements, primarily through upper motor neurons.

Originates from the medulla, inhibiting gamma motor neurons to reduce stretch reflex.

Arises from the pons, facilitating gamma motor neurons to enhance stretch reflex.

Originates in the medulla's inferior olive, facilitating stretch reflex in the cervical region.

Mediates gross movements, adjusts muscle tone through facilitation and inhibition.

Controls respiration, cardiovascular function, and stereotyped body movements.

Neurons that modulate muscle spindle activity and affect muscle tone.