Neurology Exam and CNS Localization Quiz

The ability to determine the location of a neurological problem within the central nervous system.

This includes gathering information about the patient's medical history, symptoms, and any prior injuries or conditions.

Thorough assessment of motor function, sensation, coordination, reflexes, and cranial nerve activity.

Regions of skin innervated by specific spinal nerve roots. Knowing dermatomes helps pinpoint the level of spinal cord involvement.

Assessing speech for fluency, articulation, repetition, and comprehension. Different types of aphasia (language impairment) can indicate the location of a brain lesion.

Loss of the ability to recognize objects by touch, even though the sense of touch itself is intact.

Loss of the ability to identify numbers or letters drawn on the skin, even though the sense of touch is intact.

A condition where someone has difficulty with spatial awareness and perception, often affecting their ability to judge distances, navigate, and perceive the environment.

A neurological condition characterized by a lack of awareness of and attention to one side of the body or space.

A condition where someone denies or minimizes their neurological deficits, despite clear evidence to the contrary.

Loss of voluntary muscle movements, often affecting one side (hemiplegia) and typically presenting with weakness or paralysis. It is often associated with upper motor neuron lesions and characterized by spasticity.

An abnormal increase in muscle tone, leading to stiffness and resistance to movement.

An exaggerated reflex response to a stimulus, often observed in individuals with neurological conditions.

A neurological disorder that involves excessive hunger and eating. It can be caused by various factors including brain lesions.

A condition characterized by paralysis or weakness on one side of the body, excluding the upper half of the face, due to damage to the motor cortex.

A type of stroke that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, causing bleeding.

A blockage in a blood vessel that supplies blood to the brain, causing a stroke.

A specific type of stroke caused by a blockage in the lenticulostriate artery, which affects a region of the brain known as the internal capsule.

The pathway in the brain that transmits signals from the motor cortex to the spinal cord, controlling voluntary movements.

A neurological condition that affects the ability to feel touch, temperature, and pain on one side of the body.

A type of visual field defect where a person loses sight in half of their visual field on the same side of both eyes.

The part of the brain responsible for controlling voluntary movements and receiving sensory information from the body. Areas of the homunculus map to specific body parts, allowing for localization of neurological lesions.

A stroke affecting the middle cerebral artery leads to weakness and sensory loss in the face and upper limb on the opposite side of the body. Speech problems (aphasia) and neglect of one side of space can also occur.

A stroke affecting the anterior cerebral artery results in weakness and sensory loss in the leg on the opposite side of the body.

Primary sensory functions, like pain and vibration, are affected. This happens due to damage in pathways carrying these sensations from the body to the brain.

Patients with a cortical lesion in the visual association area can see but cannot recognize objects. They may still be able to identify the shape and color of the object, but they lack the ability to understand its meaning or purpose.

Patients with a cortical lesion in the visual association area can see but cannot perform complex, learned movements.

Patients with a cortical lesion in the prefrontal association area may experience changes in personality, behavior, and emotional regulation.

The limbic association area is involved in emotional processing, memory, and motivation. Lesions can lead to reduced aggression, lack of emotions, or changes in sexual behavior.

Failure of the eye to move towards the nose (adduction). This occurs because the medial rectus muscle, which controls this movement, is paralyzed.

Dilation of the pupil (the black circle in the center of the eye). This is caused by the loss of parasympathetic input to the pupil constrictor muscle, which is normally responsible for shrinking the pupil.

Drooping of the upper eyelid (ptosis). This happens because the levator palpebrae superioris muscle, which lifts the eyelid, is partially or completely paralyzed.

Double vision (diplopia). This occurs because the affected eye cannot move in sync with the healthy eye, leading to two different images.

Failure of the eye to move away from the nose (abduction). This is due to paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle, responsible for this movement.

The overlapping of images from each eye to create a single image; a process that relies on proper muscle function.

A condition where the eyes are unable to move together properly, resulting in double vision.

The part of the brain responsible for controlling voluntary eye movements, particularly those involved in shifting gaze.

A bundle of nerve fibers that connects the brain to the eye muscles, allowing for the coordination of eye movements.

A type of eye movement that is rapid, jerky, and involuntary, often associated with certain neurological conditions.

A neurological syndrome characterized by the inability to move the eye on the side of the brain lesion away from the lesion (abduction), and also difficulty moving the eye towards the lesion (adduction) along with problems with eye movement in the opposite eye.

A neurological condition that affects the ability to adduct one eye (move it inward) while the other eye abducts (moves outward) normally but with nystagmus. It occurs when the MLF is damaged.

A brain area that plays a crucial role in coordinating horizontal eye movements, particularly those that shift gaze to the opposite direction.