Neurology: Cranial Nerves Introduction

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Which nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?

Trigeminal nerve (correct)

Facial nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Vagus nerve

Which division of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for ophthalmic sensation?

V4

V1 (correct)

V2

V3

What type of lesions affect the peripheral nerve fibers?

Mixed motor neurone lesions

Lower motor neurone lesions (correct)

Upper motor neurone lesions

Sensory neurone lesions

Which nerve is responsible for the corneal reflex?

Trigeminal nerve Signup and view all the answers

In lower motor neurone lesions, which part of the face is affected?

The entire half Signup and view all the answers

What causes Bell's palsy?

Parotid tumour Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the olfactory nerve?

Sense of smell Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is the shortest and has a sensory component only?

Olfactory Signup and view all the answers

What can damage to the olfactory nerve result in?

Complete loss of sense of smell Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cranial nerves is primarily responsible for innervating head and neck structures relevant to dentists?

Facial nerve Signup and view all the answers

How can cranial nerve pathology potentially be detected in routine dental examinations?

Detecting abnormalities during oral inspections Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of asking a patient to identify a specific smell with one nostril occluded?

To test olfactory nerve function Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the optic nerve?

Transmission of sensory information from the retina to the brain Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is commonly associated with optic neuritis?

Multiple sclerosis Signup and view all the answers

How is fundoscopy typically performed in a medical setting?

Using an ophthalmoscope Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard distance for conducting a formal visual acuity test with a Snellen chart?

6 meters Signup and view all the answers

Which visual field defect is classically observed in cases of acromegaly?

Bitemporal hemianopia Signup and view all the answers

During pupillary reflex testing, what is the purpose of shining a pen torch into one eye?

To observe pupillary constriction of the same eye Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle role of the Glossopharyngeal nerve?

Sensory to the tonsillar fossa and pharynx Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is involved in hearing and balance?

Vestibulocochlear nerve Signup and view all the answers

How is sensorineural vs conductive deafness assessed?

By performing the Rinne and Weber tests using a tuning fork Signup and view all the answers

What causes defects in the Vestibulocochlear nerve?

Trauma and tumour Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the pharynx, larynx, and soft palate?

Vagus nerve Signup and view all the answers

Patients with Glossopharyngeal nerve palsy are likely to have impaired __________.

Gag reflex Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome if a lesion is present in the hypoglossal nerve?

The tongue deviates to the side of the lesion Signup and view all the answers

How is a deficit in the cranial nerves typically identified?

By observing uvula deviation Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for motor function of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles?

Accessory nerve (XI) Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if a patient with a potential cranial nerve lesion is asked to protrude their tongue and it deviates to one side?

Look for muscle wasting on the lesion side Signup and view all the answers

In addition to motor function of the tongue, what other role does the hypoglossal nerve play?

Heart rhythm regulation Signup and view all the answers

Why is practice important before conducting a cranial nerve examination within a dental setting?

To improve fluency and accuracy Signup and view all the answers