Neurology Clinical Cases Quiz

<p>Drawing lesions on brain slices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right-handed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epilepsy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aura (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal muscle strength (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presenting symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ADEM is an autoimmune disorder triggered by a preceding infection or immunization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children and young adults. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perivenous demyelination with an accumulation of inflammatory cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin D deficiency is a known risk factor for developing ADEM. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By suppressing the inflammatory response that damages the myelin sheath. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right Lower Extremity Weakness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focal neurological deficits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By revealing enhancement patterns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic subdural hematoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TM symptoms worsen gradually, unlike strokes which are more acute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid progression of symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintenance of neuronal health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Right lower extremity weakness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute and rapidly progressive within days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The clinical severity can fluctuate within 3 months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ADEM typically occurs only once and not recurrently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marks the transition between normal and impaired sensory function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease in sensorium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decorticate posturing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motor control of the limbs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmitting sensory information from the limbs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It occurs when the brain is pushed through a small opening in the skull (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased heart rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It typically presents with monophasic episodes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corpus callosum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>TM does not usually have a chronic relapsing course. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They typically do not resolve completely. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To connect opposite cerebral hemispheres (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parahippocampal gyrus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Optic nerve involvement and relapsing episodes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It connects the temporal lobes and may be overlooked. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pattern of brain herniation from the front (rostral) to the back (caudal).

Regions of the brain linked to functions like language and memory that can be affected in conditions like aphasia.

Disorders that affect the cranial nerves, showing specific signs and symptoms.

Blood vessel bulges that burst, often causing severe headaches.

The tough outer membrane surrounding the brain; crucial in migraine pathophysiology.

Blind spots or changes in sight caused by lesions in the visual system.

A major central nervous system pathway that controls voluntary movement.

Transmission pathway for sensation of touch and proprioception from body to brain.

A sudden and rapid progression of symptoms over a few days.

Weakness or partial paralysis in the lower limbs.

Weakness affecting all four limbs in the body.

Impairment affecting eye movement and coordination.

A condition that occurs as a single episode without recurrence.

Abnormal growths in the brain causing symptoms like headaches and seizures.

An infection that leads to a localized collection of pus in the brain, causing similar symptoms to tumors.

A collection of blood between the brain and its outermost covering, often with headache and focal deficits.

A type of stroke caused by a blockage in a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain.

A type of stroke caused by bleeding into or around the brain.

A mnemonic for recognizing stroke symptoms: Balance, Eyes, Face, Arms, Speech, Time.

Essential for neuronal health and brain development; linked to neurological conditions.

A radiological finding in multiple sclerosis, indicating demyelination along the nerve pathways.

Vitamin D regulates neurotrophic factors like NGF and detoxification in the nervous system.

An acute autoimmune process characterized by rapid demyelination after infection or immunization.

Proteins that regulate neuron growth, survival, and differentiation, including NGF.

Vitamin D helps maintain calcium levels, reducing the risk of nerve damage due to overstimulation.

Linked to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease.

Primarily affects children and young adults, with an average onset age of 3.6-7 years, no sex differences.

Characterized by perivenous demyelination with inflammatory cells, differentiating it from MS.

Includes right lower extremity weakness and vision issues, with rapid progression of symptoms.

Sagittal slices of the cerebrum for examination.

59-year-old female with left-sided headache and seizures.

Includes blank stares, eyeball rolling, and tonic-clonic.

Loss of normal function due to brain lesions.

Assessment of muscle strength on both sides.

74-year-old female with sudden facial drooping.

Unequal appearance of the face due to weakness.

Weakness observed on the left side of the body.

Pathway from optic nerves to tracts to process vision.

Review of brain slices to identify lesions.

A neurological disorder causing inflammation of the spinal cord, affecting myelin and leading to motor and sensory deficits.

TM commonly presents with ascending numbness, bilateral lower extremity weakness, and a defined sensory level.

TM typically has a monophasic course with one episode, unlike multiple sclerosis (MS), which is relapsing.

Inflammation of the optic nerve, indicating systemic demyelinating disorders, absent in TM.

A large commissural fiber structure connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

Major sections include the genu (anterior), body (middle), and splenium (posterior).

A small commissural structure that connects the two temporal lobes.

The most medial portion of the temporal lobe, related to memory encoding and retrieval.