Neurology Chapter on Stroke Causes

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What is the primary cause of ischemic stroke?

Loss of structural integrity in cells

Increased oxygen consumption

Decreased blood supply due to a clot (correct)

Vascular rupture

Which factor does NOT affect the degree of neurological damage caused by a stroke?

Time of lost blood flow

Temperature of the surrounding environment (correct)

Extent of the lost blood flow

Location of the blood flow loss

What percentage of the body's weight does the brain constitute?

10%

15%

2% (correct)

5%

What is the outcome when cerebral blood flow is interrupted for 4 to 5 minutes?

Depletion of glucose, glycogen, and ATP (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the area surrounding dead or dying brain cells?

Penumbra (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor for stroke among women?

Pregnancy and early postpartum (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fourth leading cause of mortality in the United States?

Stroke (B) Signup and view all the answers

How often does someone experience a stroke in the United States?

Every 40 seconds (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of intracerebral hemorrhage?

Bleeding from a ruptured intracranial aneurysm (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of hemorrhagic stroke?

Loss of consciousness (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical manifestation of a stroke?

Onset of neurological deficits (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does hypertension contribute to the risk of stroke?

By damaging vascular walls through prolonged high pressure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Subarachnoid hemorrhage involves the cerebral ventricles (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by contralateral deficit in the context of stroke?

Loss of functions on the opposite side of the body from the brain injury (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stroke results from a cerebral vascular blockage leading to brain infarction?

Ischemic stroke (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is considered a major risk factor for stroke?

Obesity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What signals a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

Neurological deficits lasting less than 24 hours (C) Signup and view all the answers

What lifestyle change is recommended to help prevent stroke?

Engaging in regular exercise (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributes to an increased risk of stroke for women specifically?

Hormonal contraceptive use (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical onset of deficits associated with an embolic stroke?

Sudden and immediate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the inflammatory response during a hemorrhagic stroke?

Presence of blood in the ventricles or subarachnoid space (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of hemorrhagic stroke?

Persistently elevated blood pressure (B) Signup and view all the answers

What typically happens during the formation of a thrombotic stroke?

Blood flow is blocked in a vessel where the clot forms (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which ethnicity has a notably higher incidence of first-ever strokes in the U.S.?

Black Americans (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended acronym for recognizing stroke symptoms?

FAST (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel is most commonly associated with thrombotic strokes?

Internal carotid artery (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to tissue during a thrombotic stroke after 3 days?

Maximum tissue damage occurs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of smoking on stroke risk?

Decreases oxygenation of brain tissues (A) Signup and view all the answers

What factor is NOT considered a risk factor for stroke?

Recent weight loss (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor for developing an embolic stroke?

Atrial fibrillation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should be controlled to prevent or manage hypertension?

Dietary cholesterol and saturated fats (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where do embolic strokes commonly occur?

Vessel bifurcations, including carotid and middle cerebral arteries (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is associated with an increased risk of stroke?

Anabolic steroids (D) Signup and view all the answers

What describes lacunar strokes?

Development in small, deep vessels leading to small cavities (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of TIA in relation to stroke risk?

They can precede an acute ischemic stroke (D) Signup and view all the answers