Neurology Basics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What characterizes Atypical Depression in a patient?

Extreme irritability with no observable impact on sleep

Generalized depressed mood with increased sleep (correct)

Persistent sadness with no changes in appetite

Increased energy levels

Which stage of sleep is Hypnic myoclonia associated with?

Stage 2 (correct)

REM sleep

Stage 3

Stage 1

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Parkinson's Disease?

Bradykinesia

Neurofibrillary tangles (correct)

Rigidity

Tremors

What type of seizure is characterized by a blank stare lasting only a few seconds?

Absence seizure Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Adjustment Insomnia?

Typically occurs after a stressor Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by obstructive sleep apnea?

Sleep disordered breathing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is FALSE regarding vital signs during stage 1 of NREM sleep?

Heart rate increases Signup and view all the answers

Wandering episodes are more characteristic of which stage of Alzheimer's disease?

Moderate stage Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the diagnostic criteria for narcolepsy?

Mean sleep latency time of less than 8 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter decrease has been linked to narcolepsy?

Hypocretin Signup and view all the answers

What type of seizure is characterized by repetitive lip smacking and hand rubbing?

Focal seizure with impairment of consciousness Signup and view all the answers

Which physical manifestation indicates bradykinesia in a patient with Parkinson's disease?

Difficulty turning around Signup and view all the answers

At which stage of sleep are sleep spindles most characteristic?

Stage 2 Signup and view all the answers

In which sleep stage does hip myoclonia typically occur?

Stage 1 Signup and view all the answers

What are delta waves associated with?

Stage 3 sleep Signup and view all the answers

What describes depression with catatonic features?

Depression with feelings of worthlessness and occasional repetitive blinking Signup and view all the answers

What type of seizure is characterized by repetitive hand rubbing and hallucinations before the event?

Focal seizure w/ impairment of consciousness Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling vision?

Cranial Nerve II Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the organization of the nervous system is false?

The somatic nervous system can be further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding Alzheimer's disease is incorrect?

Tau protein is broken down when the neuron that produced it dies. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Parkinson's Disease?

It is characterized by an increase of dopaminergic neurons. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neurons control the body's response to sensory input?

Interneurons Signup and view all the answers

What is true about Schwann cells and their role in myelination?

They are responsible for myelination in the peripheral nervous system. Signup and view all the answers

What are the physiological implications of REM sleep?

It is essential for normal physiologic and psychological functioning. Signup and view all the answers

What condition is indicated by the patient's temporary numbness and slurred speech that resolved by the time of evaluation?

Transient Ischemic Attack Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason the patient initially dismissed their symptoms?

They thought gardening caused the sensation. Signup and view all the answers

Which past medical history factor increases the risk of stroke in the patients described?

Hypercholesterolemia Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic tool is recommended as the first step to evaluate the suspected ischemic stroke?

CT scan of the head Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical time window for administering tPA to treat ischemic strokes?

3-4.5 hours Signup and view all the answers

What symptom did the spouse observe that indicated the patient's potential stroke?

Unclear speech Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is typically contraindicated if a CT scan shows hemorrhagic stroke?

tPA administration Signup and view all the answers

How can the clinical significance of the patient’s symptom resolution be described?

It indicates a high likelihood of a subsequent stroke. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Seizures

A seizure with repetitive hand rubbing and hallucinations before onset is a focal seizure with impairment of consciousness or awareness.
A full body muscular contraction followed by loss of consciousness and convulsions is a generalized seizure, specifically a tonic-clonic seizure.
A seizure with a blank stare that lasts only seconds and often goes unnoticed is an absence seizure.
A focal seizure affecting the left temporal lobe with lip smacking, hand rubbing, fear, and insecurity is a focal seizure with impairment of consciousness or awareness.

Cranial Nerves

Cranial nerve II controls vision.
CN VI is affected when a patient has difficulty tracking their eye laterally.

Nervous System

The somatic nervous system cannot be further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
Schwann cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) but not in the central nervous system (CNS).

Sleep

REM sleep is important for normal physiologic and psychological functioning during wakefulness.
Obstructive sleep apnea is sleep disordered breathing caused by airway obstruction.
Hypnic myoclonia occurs in stage 2 of sleep.
Sleep spindles are characteristic of stage 2 of sleep.
Hip myoclonia occurs in stage 1 of sleep.
Delta waves appear in stage 3 of sleep.

Alzheimer's Disease

Tau protein is not broken down when the neuron that produced it dies.
Wandering episodes are characteristic of moderate, not severe, Alzheimer's disease.

Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease is characterized by a decrease, not increase, of dopaminergic neurons.
Pill rolling is a physical manifestation of Parkinson's disease.
Bradykinesia, difficulty turning around with freezing in the process, is a physical manifestation of Parkinson's disease.
Cogwheeling, a catch felt during passive arm flexion and extension, is a physical manifestation of Parkinson's disease.
Parkinson's disease is not characterized by neurofibrillary tangles.
Drug therapy for Parkinson's Disease aims to increase dopamine neuron activity or decrease acetylcholine neuron activity.

Depression

The average age of onset for major depressive disorder is mid-30s, but the age of onset is decreasing in recent times, not increasing.
Atypical depression is characterized by a generalized depressed mood, changes in appetite, irritability that gets worse as the day goes on, and excessive sleep affecting productivity.
Depression with catatonic features is characterized by feelings of worthlessness and guilt, difficulty sleeping, and repetitive accentuated blinking.

Other

Interneurons control the bodily response to sensory input internally and externally.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) inhibit the reuptake of serotonin at the presynaptic space.
The midbrain houses the cerebral peduncles.
Astrocytes help form the blood-brain barrier, preventing toxins from entering the brain.
Vital signs decrease, not increase, during stage 1 of NREM sleep.
A decrease in hypocretin has been linked to narcolepsy.
The diagnostic criteria for narcolepsy include a mean sleep latency time of less than 8 minutes and 2 or more episodes of sleep onset REM during repeated nap opportunities.
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a stroke-like event but with temporary neurological deficits.
A CT scan is the first diagnostic tool for suspected ischemic stroke, followed by an MRI if the CT is inconclusive.
tPA is the treatment of choice for ischemic stroke within the 3-4.5 hour treatment window.

Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic cleft by three mechanisms: reuptake, extracellular diffusion, and ingestion by microglia.
Chemical synapses produce excitatory or inhibitory signals by the secretion of neurotransmitters from presynaptic neurons, which diffuse into the synaptic cleft.

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Description

Test your knowledge on seizures, cranial nerves, and the nervous system. This quiz covers important concepts including types of seizures, functions of cranial nerves, and the structure of the nervous system. Dive into the essentials of neurology and learn more about sleep's role in health.