Neurology and Stroke Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of stroke occurs due to a blockage in an artery supplying blood to the brain?

  • Hemorrhagic stroke
  • Transient ischemic attack
  • Cryptogenic stroke
  • Ischemic stroke (correct)

What is a common risk factor associated with stroke?

  • Low salt intake
  • High vitamin D levels
  • Frequent exercise
  • Physical inactivity (correct)

Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for facial expression?

  • Vagus nerve (X)
  • Facial nerve (VII) (correct)
  • Trigeminal nerve (V)
  • Optic nerve (II)

What is the primary treatment approach for bacterial meningitis?

<p>Antibiotic therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with inflammation of the brain?

<p>Encephalitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is involved in the sensation of taste from the posterior third of the tongue?

<p>Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor for developing encephalitis?

<p>Exposure to wildlife (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of rehabilitation following a stroke?

<p>Restoring independence in daily activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of chronic bladder overdistension in neurogenic bladder?

<p>Hydronephrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is primarily managed with Baclofen?

<p>Muscle spasticity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with hydrocephalus and requires close monitoring?

<p>Myelomeningocele (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of acute management following spinal cord injury?

<p>Preventing further injury (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical procedure is most commonly indicated for the treatment of spinal cord lesions?

<p>Laminectomy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complication can arise from neurogenic bladder management in patients with chronic issues?

<p>Bladder stones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary cause for the development of increased bladder tone in neurogenic bladder?

<p>Overactive bladder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following therapies is frequently utilized in the acute management of spinal cord injury to enhance recovery?

<p>Corticosteroids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication following treatment for brain tumors involving radiation?

<p>Cognitive decline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of head injury is characterized by the collection of blood between the skull and the outer layer of the brain?

<p>Epidural hemorrhage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism is primarily responsible for diffuse axonal injury in head trauma?

<p>Rotational forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical feature is most indicative of a concussion following head injury?

<p>Altered consciousness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of surgically managing a brain tumor?

<p>Maximize tumor resection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom associated with cerebellar disorders?

<p>Ataxia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using anticonvulsants in managing head injuries?

<p>Control seizure activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification best describes brain tumors that originate from glial cells?

<p>Gliomas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended surgical procedure for a completely transected nerve?

<p>Nerve repair or grafting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of peripheral nerve injuries?

<p>Increased reflexes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of management is most appropriate immediately after a peripheral nerve injury?

<p>Medication for pain relief (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of tendon transfer surgery?

<p>To restore function lost due to nerve damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which common complication may arise from peripheral nerve injuries?

<p>Chronic pain syndromes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically the first step in the surgical management of peripheral nerve injuries?

<p>Assessment of nerve conduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following therapies is primarily focused on improving motor function following a peripheral nerve injury?

<p>Physical therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the long-term management of peripheral nerve injuries is correct?

<p>Rehabilitation is vital for optimal recovery. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major challenge in early intervention services?

<p>Finding qualified therapists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is primarily used by therapists in diagnosing obstetric brachial plexus injury?

<p>Observing movement patterns and muscle tone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of muscular dystrophy, what is the importance of clinical features?

<p>They guide the diagnosis and management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which early intervention strategy focuses on enhancing developmental skills?

<p>Therapeutic play (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about early intervention services?

<p>They are only necessary for severe cases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of service is typically NOT associated with early intervention?

<p>Surgical interventions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of muscular dystrophy can be crucial for clinical screening?

<p>Age of onset (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key goal of medical management in muscular dystrophy?

<p>Maximizing functional independence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of early treatment for spinal muscular atrophies?

<p>It can slow disease progression and improve functional outcomes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complication can be a result of childhood obesity?

<p>Social stigma and low self-esteem. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a significant characteristic of asthma?

<p>It involves chronic inflammation of the airways. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for treating tuberculosis in children?

<p>A combination of antibiotics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of congenital heart defect is characterized by a hole between the heart's chambers?

<p>Atrial Septal Defect (ASD). (B), Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common long-term complication faced by infants in the NICU?

<p>Chronic respiratory issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a typical characteristic of bronchiectasis?

<p>Complete restoration of lung function. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does preventive care play in managing spinal muscular atrophies?

<p>It aims to prevent complications such as scoliosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Stroke Types

Strokes are categorized by the cause, such as ischemic (blocked blood vessels) or hemorrhagic (bleeding in the brain).

Stroke Risk Factors

Factors increasing the chance of stroke include high blood pressure, smoking, and family history.

Cranial Nerve V

The fifth cranial nerve, also known as the trigeminal nerve, is responsible for facial sensation and chewing.

Cranial Nerve VII

The seventh cranial nerve, also known as the facial nerve, controls facial expressions and taste.

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Meningitis Symptoms

Meningitis involves inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, presenting with fever, headache, and stiff neck.

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Encephalitis Definition

Encephalitis refers to inflammation of the brain tissue itself.

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AIDS Neurological Effects

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) can cause various neurological complications due to the weakening of the immune system.

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Cranial nerve IX

The ninth cranial nerve, the glossopharyngeal nerve, involved in taste, swallowing, and sensations related to the back of the throat and tongue.

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Cerebellar Disorder Etiology

The causes of problems in the cerebellum, a brain structure coordinating movement.

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Head Injury Type

Different forms of head trauma, ranging from concussions to more severe bleeds.

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Head Injury Mechanism

The way a head injury happens, like a fall or a blow to the head.

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Brain Tumor Types

Different categories of growths in the brain classified by origin and features.

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Post-Brain Tumor Complication

Side effect after tumor treatment, often related to radiation or surgery

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Post-Head Injury Complication

Negative consequences following head trauma that are not immediate.

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Cerebellar Disorder Clinical Feature

Symptoms related to issues in the cerebellum, like problems with coordination.

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Post-Brain Tumor Treatment Complication

A possible negative outcome after the treatment of a brain tumor, particularly involving cognitive decline.

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Neurogenic bladder classification

Categorization of neurogenic bladder based on the type and level of nerve impairment affecting bladder control.

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Neurogenic bladder medical management

Treatment approaches for neurogenic bladder focusing on restoring bladder function or managing related symptoms.

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Hydrocephalus types

Different forms of hydrocephalus categorised by the location and cause of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation in the brain.

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Spinal dysraphism

A collection of birth defects affecting the spinal cord's development.

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Complication of chronic bladder overdistension

Hydronephrosis, a kidney swelling condition, which can occur due to persistent bladder overfilling.

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Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in Neurogenic Bladder

A common complication of neurogenic bladder due to urine retention and poor bladder emptying, increasing bacterial growth.

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Hydrocephalus and Spinal Dysraphism monitoring

Regular monitoring of patients with hydrocephalus and spinal dysraphism is crucial since these conditions can cause ongoing complications, requiring follow-up tests and management adjustments.

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Spinal cord lesion acute management

Immediate treatment steps after a spinal cord injury. These usually involve stabilizing the spine and supporting vital body functions.

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Early Intervention

Support services for children with developmental delays or disabilities to help them reach their full potential.

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Developmental Assessment

Evaluating a child's skills and abilities in areas like language, motor, social, and cognitive development.

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Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury

Damage to the nerves in the shoulder and arm of a newborn, often caused during childbirth.

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What are the causes of Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury?

Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury can be caused by difficult deliveries, large babies, or the baby's position in the womb.

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What are the symptoms of Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury?

Symptoms include weakness, paralysis, and lack of movement in the arm, hand, or fingers. It can affect sensation as well.

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How is Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury diagnosed?

A doctor will perform a physical exam to assess the baby's movements, reflexes, and muscle tone.

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What is the role of a therapist in diagnosing Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury?

A therapist helps diagnose the injury by observing movement patterns and muscle tone in the baby.

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What are the treatments for Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury?

Treatments include physical therapy, occupational therapy, surgery, and medication.

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Spinal Muscular Atrophies

A group of genetic disorders that cause muscle weakness and wasting due to the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord.

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Early Treatment of SMAs

Treatment for Spinal Muscular Atrophies (SMAs) is more effective when started early in life, slowing disease progression and improving functional outcomes.

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Childhood Obesity

A condition where children have excess body fat for their age and height, leading to several health risks.

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Social Stigma of Obesity

Children with obesity often face social stigma and low self-esteem due to societal perceptions and negative stereotypes.

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Asthma

A common chronic lung disease characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, causing wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.

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Tuberculosis Treatment

Tuberculosis (TB) is treated with a combination of antibiotics over a prolonged period.

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Bronchiectasis

A chronic lung disease characterized by widening of the airways, often caused by infections or inflammation, leading to excessive mucus production and recurrent respiratory infections.

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ARDS

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung condition characterized by fluid build-up in the alveoli (tiny air sacs) leading to oxygen deprivation.

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Peripheral Nerve Injury Types

Peripheral nerve injuries are categorized into four types (Seddon Classification): Neuropraxia (temporary nerve conduction block), Axonotmesis (axon damage with preserved nerve sheath), Neurotmesis (complete nerve disruption) and Sunderland Classification, which further divides the types into five grades.

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Peripheral Nerve Injury - Signs

Peripheral nerve injury symptoms include numbness, tingling, weakness, and paralysis. The specific presentation depends on the nerve affected and the severity of the injury.

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Peripheral Nerve Surgery - Nerve Grafting

Nerve grafting involves using a piece of nerve from elsewhere in the body to bridge a gap in a severed nerve. This allows for nerve regeneration and restoration of function.

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Cerebrovascular Anomaly Complications

Cerebrovascular anomalies can lead to serious complications including stroke, aneurysm rupture, and seizures. These occur due to the abnormal blood flow and potential for bleeding within the brain.

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Intracranial Aneurysm - Surgery

Surgical treatment of an intracranial aneurysm may involve clipping the aneurysm neck to prevent blood flow, or coiling the aneurysm to promote clotting.

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Early Intervention - Neurodevelopment

Early intervention is crucial for maximizing developmental potential in children with neurodevelopmental delays. It involves tailored therapy, education, and support services.

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Neurodevelopmental Factors

Many factors influence brain development, including genetics, pre- and postnatal environment, nutrition, and exposure to toxins.

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Genetic Impact - Neurodevelopment

Genetic or chromosomal abnormalities can significantly impact brain development and lead to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Down syndrome or fragile X syndrome.

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Study Notes

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Description

Test your knowledge on neurology, particularly focusing on strokes, cranial nerves, and brain conditions. This quiz covers risk factors, treatment approaches, and rehabilitation goals related to neurological disorders. Perfect for students in health sciences or anyone interested in understanding brain health.

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