Neurology and Infectious Diseases Quiz

Tumor Characteristics

• Well-encapsulated tumors are characterized by slow and stable growth.
• Cells that invade local tissue and overrun neighboring cells are a hallmark of tumor growth.

Hemophilia A

• Hemophilia A is caused by a factor VIII deficiency.
• It is an X-linked disorder, not dominant.

Syphilis

• Syphilis is caused by an anaerobic spirochete.
• In severe cases, it can cause problems with the cardiovascular system and aortic necrosis.
• It can cause damage to the central nervous system, leading to blindness, paresis, and mental deterioration.

Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) System

• T2.N1.M0 indicates a tumor is locally invasive with regional lymph node involvement, but no metastasis.

Diabetes and End-Stage Renal Disease

• A nurse should regularly assess a client with type 1 diabetes and end-stage renal disease for various symptoms.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

• A client with GERD may present with dysphagia, weight loss, chest pain, and blood emesis.
• The client may be experiencing esophageal cancer.

Hepatitis B

• Hepatitis B infection can lead to liver inflammation and enlargement.
• Infection is not self-limiting, and hepatocytes cannot regenerate when the virus is present.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

• Early symptoms of ALS include muscle twitching.

Epilepsy

• A nurse can document a seizure as a generalized tonic clonic seizure if the patient experiences stiffness of the arms and legs, followed by loss of consciousness and jerking of all extremities.

Spinal Cord Injury

• Loss of motor and sensory control of the trunk of the body and lower extremities describes paraplegia.

Inherited Disorder

• An inherited disorder characterized by abrupt, bizarre, involuntary dancelike movements and a decline in mental functions is known as Huntington's disease.

Acute Respiratory Failure

• A value consistent with acute respiratory failure is a pH less than 7.3.

Orthopnea

• Orthopnea is defined as difficulty breathing when lying down.

Respiratory Conditions

• An absent breathing sound on the right side from the apex to the base can be explained by spontaneous pneumothorax.

Pheochromocytoma

• A client with pheochromocytoma is likely to have hypertension.

Hormonal Imbalance

• An imbalance in parathyroid hormone can cause increased calcium levels in the blood.

Concussion

• A client with a concussion may exhibit lethargy, confusion, and increased intracranial pressure.

Polycythemia

• Polycythemia is characterized by an increased production of red blood cells.

Macrocytic Anemia

• Pernicious anemia is considered a macrocytic anemia.

Liver Carcinoma

• A client with a history of cirrhosis is most at risk of developing carcinoma of the liver.

Hepatitis B Risk Factors

• A client with multiple sexual partners is most at risk of developing hepatitis B.

Hydrocele

• A hydrocele is a cystic mass, usually filled with straw-colored fluid, that forms around the testis.

Parkinson's Disease

• Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder of the basal ganglia or substantia nigra.

Stroke Risk Factors

• Atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, and valvular prosthetics are risk factors for embolic stroke.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

• A TIA is a temporal episode of cerebral ischemia, with symptoms lasting less than 24 hours.

Spinal Cord Injury Prevention

• Stabilization to prevent trauma to the spinal cord is the best way to prevent spinal cord injury.

Cerebrovascular Accidents

• Lack of blood flow to part of the brain is the etiology of cerebrovascular accidents.

Vascular Malformation

• Arteriovenous malformation is characterized by arteries that feed directly into veins through vascular tangles and abnormal vessels.