Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the CNS composed of?
What is the CNS composed of?
brain, spinal cord, and meninges
What are the structures of the neurological system?
What are the structures of the neurological system?
CNS, peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous system
What are the 2 parts of the autonomic nervous system?
What are the 2 parts of the autonomic nervous system?
sympathetic and parasympathetic
What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for?
What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for?
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
What is the cerebrum?
What is the cerebrum?
What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?
What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?
Which lobe controls voluntary movements and skeletal actions?
Which lobe controls voluntary movements and skeletal actions?
What is the Broca area of the brain responsible for?
What is the Broca area of the brain responsible for?
Which side of the body does the Left frontal lobe control?
Which side of the body does the Left frontal lobe control?
What side of the body does the right frontal lobe control?
What side of the body does the right frontal lobe control?
Which lobe controls talking and writing, emotions, intellect, reasoning, judgement, and behavior?
Which lobe controls talking and writing, emotions, intellect, reasoning, judgement, and behavior?
Which lobe interprets tactile sensations such as touch, pain, temperature, shapes, and two point discrimination?
Which lobe interprets tactile sensations such as touch, pain, temperature, shapes, and two point discrimination?
Which lobe receives and interprets impulses from the ear?
Which lobe receives and interprets impulses from the ear?
Which lobe contains the Wernicke area?
Which lobe contains the Wernicke area?
What is Wernicke's area responsible for?
What is Wernicke's area responsible for?
Which lobe is associated with reading and understanding?
Which lobe is associated with reading and understanding?
Which lobe is the primary visual receptor center?
Which lobe is the primary visual receptor center?
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
What is the function of the temporal lobe?
What is the function of the temporal lobe?
What does the diencephalon consist of?
What does the diencephalon consist of?
Which part of the diencephalon is crucial to human emotion and creativity?
Which part of the diencephalon is crucial to human emotion and creativity?
Which part of the diencephalon is crucial for regulating many body functions?
Which part of the diencephalon is crucial for regulating many body functions?
Which part of the diencephalon is crucial for regulating respiratory functions?
Which part of the diencephalon is crucial for regulating respiratory functions?
Which part of the brain is considered the relay station?
Which part of the brain is considered the relay station?
Where is sex drive regulated?
Where is sex drive regulated?
What is the coordinator of ANS activity and stress response?
What is the coordinator of ANS activity and stress response?
Where is the brain stem located?
Where is the brain stem located?
What is the brain stem consisted of mostly?
What is the brain stem consisted of mostly?
What are the parts of the brain stem?
What are the parts of the brain stem?
Which part of the brain stem contains many motor neurons and tracts?
Which part of the brain stem contains many motor neurons and tracts?
Which part of the brain contains vital autonomic centers such as respiratory, heart and GI function?
Which part of the brain contains vital autonomic centers such as respiratory, heart and GI function?
Which part of the brain merges into the thalamus and hypothalamus?
Which part of the brain merges into the thalamus and hypothalamus?
Which part of the brain contains ascending sensory and descending motor tracts as well as 2 respiratory centers that coordinate with the main respiratory center?
Which part of the brain contains ascending sensory and descending motor tracts as well as 2 respiratory centers that coordinate with the main respiratory center?
Where do crossing of motor fibers occur?
Where do crossing of motor fibers occur?
Where is the cerebellum located?
Where is the cerebellum located?
What are the primary functions of the cerebellum?
What are the primary functions of the cerebellum?
What might a positive Rombergs test mean?
What might a positive Rombergs test mean?
If someone has a problem controlling their posture, urinating, and with their response to pain, what might they have an issue with?
If someone has a problem controlling their posture, urinating, and with their response to pain, what might they have an issue with?
What sensation does the anterolateral tract carry?
What sensation does the anterolateral tract carry?
What sensation does the posterior column carry?
What sensation does the posterior column carry?
With which pathway would a person not be able to precisely locate or say what a thing was when placed in their hand?
With which pathway would a person not be able to precisely locate or say what a thing was when placed in their hand?
Define Proprioception:
Define Proprioception:
Define Stereognosis:
Define Stereognosis:
Using which pathway would a person be able to differentiate an object placed in their hands with their eyes closed and be able to tell what it is?
Using which pathway would a person be able to differentiate an object placed in their hands with their eyes closed and be able to tell what it is?
What are the 2 sensory pathways of the CNS?
What are the 2 sensory pathways of the CNS?
What do pyramidal (corticospinal) tracts do?
What do pyramidal (corticospinal) tracts do?
Which Motor pathway of the CNS regulates writing?
Which Motor pathway of the CNS regulates writing?
What is an example of a discrete purposeful movement?
What is an example of a discrete purposeful movement?
What is an example of a gross autonomic movement?
What is an example of a gross autonomic movement?
What does the extrapyramidal tract do?
What does the extrapyramidal tract do?
How many cranial nerves are there?
How many cranial nerves are there?
Where do cranial nerves originate from?
Where do cranial nerves originate from?
List out the 12 cranial nerves:
List out the 12 cranial nerves:
Which type is olfactory motor, sensory, or both?
Which type is olfactory motor, sensory, or both?
Which type is optic motor, sensory, or both?
Which type is optic motor, sensory, or both?
Which type is oculomotor motor, sensory, or both?
Which type is oculomotor motor, sensory, or both?
Which type is trochlear motor, sensory, or both?
Which type is trochlear motor, sensory, or both?
What type is trigeminal motor, sensory, or both?
What type is trigeminal motor, sensory, or both?
What type is abducens motor, sensory, or both?
What type is abducens motor, sensory, or both?
What type is facial motor, sensory, or both?
What type is facial motor, sensory, or both?
What type is acoustic motor, sensory, or both?
What type is acoustic motor, sensory, or both?
What type is glossopharyngeal motor, sensory, or both?
What type is glossopharyngeal motor, sensory, or both?
What type is spinal accessory motor, sensory, or both?
What type is spinal accessory motor, sensory, or both?
What type is hypoglossal motor, sensory, or both?
What type is hypoglossal motor, sensory, or both?
What does cranial nerve I do?
What does cranial nerve I do?
What is the cervical spine?
What is the cervical spine?
What is the thoracic spine?
What is the thoracic spine?
What is the lumbar spine?
What is the lumbar spine?
What is the coccygeal spine?
What is the coccygeal spine?
How do nerves enter and exit the spinal cord?
How do nerves enter and exit the spinal cord?
Sensory afferent fibers
Sensory afferent fibers
Motor efferent fibers
Motor efferent fibers
The higher up the injury on a spinal cord the _____ it is for breathing (better or worse)
The higher up the injury on a spinal cord the _____ it is for breathing (better or worse)
What are the older adult considerations pertaining to the neurological system:
What are the older adult considerations pertaining to the neurological system:
Where is motor activity controlled in an infant
Where is motor activity controlled in an infant
What is important to remember pertaining to the neurological system with infants?
What is important to remember pertaining to the neurological system with infants?
What is important to remember with pregnant women pertaining to the neurological system?
What is important to remember with pregnant women pertaining to the neurological system?
What does a decrease in cerebral blood glow cause?
What does a decrease in cerebral blood glow cause?
What does a slower nerve conduction cause?
What does a slower nerve conduction cause?
Which age group has general atrophy with steady loss of neuron structure in brain and spinal cord?
Which age group has general atrophy with steady loss of neuron structure in brain and spinal cord?
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for what response?
The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for what response?
Which lobe contains Wernicke's area?
Which lobe contains Wernicke's area?
What is the main function of the parietal lobe?
What is the main function of the parietal lobe?
What is/are the pyramidal (corticospinal) tract(s) responsible for?
What is/are the pyramidal (corticospinal) tract(s) responsible for?
What is/are the extrapyramidal tract(s) responsible for?
What is/are the extrapyramidal tract(s) responsible for?
What does the cervical spine include?
What does the cervical spine include?
What does the thoracic spine include?
What does the thoracic spine include?
What does the lumbar spine include?
What does the lumbar spine include?
What does the coccygeal spine include?
What does the coccygeal spine include?
Describe sensory afferent fibers:
Describe sensory afferent fibers:
Describe motor efferent fibers:
Describe motor efferent fibers:
Older adult considerations pertaining to the neurological system:
Older adult considerations pertaining to the neurological system:
What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?
What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?
Describe the cerebrum
Describe the cerebrum
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
Define the anterolateral tract.
Define the anterolateral tract.
Define the posterior column.
Define the posterior column.
Define pyramidal (corticospinal) tracts
Define pyramidal (corticospinal) tracts
Define extrapyramidal tract
Define extrapyramidal tract
Is the olfactory nerve motor, sensory, or both?
Is the olfactory nerve motor, sensory, or both?
Is the optic nerve motor, sensory, or both?
Is the optic nerve motor, sensory, or both?
Is the oculomotor nerve motor, sensory, or both?
Is the oculomotor nerve motor, sensory, or both?
Is the trochlear nerve motor, sensory, or both?
Is the trochlear nerve motor, sensory, or both?
What type of nerve is the trigeminal nerve: motor, sensory, or both?
What type of nerve is the trigeminal nerve: motor, sensory, or both?
What type of nerve is the abducens nerve: motor, sensory, or both?
What type of nerve is the abducens nerve: motor, sensory, or both?
What type of nerve is the facial nerve: motor, sensory, or both?
What type of nerve is the facial nerve: motor, sensory, or both?
What type of nerve is the acoustic nerve: motor, sensory, or both?
What type of nerve is the acoustic nerve: motor, sensory, or both?
What type of nerve is the glossopharyngeal nerve: motor, sensory, or both?
What type of nerve is the glossopharyngeal nerve: motor, sensory, or both?
What type of nerve is the spinal accessory nerve: motor, sensory, or both?
What type of nerve is the spinal accessory nerve: motor, sensory, or both?
What type of nerve is the hypoglossal nerve: motor, sensory, or both?
What type of nerve is the hypoglossal nerve: motor, sensory, or both?
Define the cervical spine
Define the cervical spine
Define the thoracic spine
Define the thoracic spine
Define the lumbar spine
Define the lumbar spine
Define the coccygeal spine
Define the coccygeal spine
The neurological system is fully developed at birth
The neurological system is fully developed at birth
Flashcards
CNS Composition
CNS Composition
Brain, spinal cord, and meninges.
Brain components
Brain components
Cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum.
Neurological System Structures
Neurological System Structures
CNS, peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous system.
Autonomic Nervous System parts
Autonomic Nervous System parts
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sympathetic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cranial Nerves
Cranial Nerves
Signup and view all the flashcards
Spinal Nerves
Spinal Nerves
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cerebrum Structure
Cerebrum Structure
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cerebrum Lobes
Cerebrum Lobes
Signup and view all the flashcards
Voluntary Movement Control
Voluntary Movement Control
Signup and view all the flashcards
Broca's Area Function
Broca's Area Function
Signup and view all the flashcards
Left Frontal Lobe Control
Left Frontal Lobe Control
Signup and view all the flashcards
Right Frontal Lobe Control
Right Frontal Lobe Control
Signup and view all the flashcards
Higher Cognitive Functions
Higher Cognitive Functions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Tactile Sensation Interpretation
Tactile Sensation Interpretation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Auditory Impulse Interpretation
Auditory Impulse Interpretation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Wernicke's Area Location
Wernicke's Area Location
Signup and view all the flashcards
Wernicke's Area
Wernicke's Area
Signup and view all the flashcards
Reading and Understanding
Reading and Understanding
Signup and view all the flashcards
Primary Visual Receptor Center
Primary Visual Receptor Center
Signup and view all the flashcards
Diencephalon Components
Diencephalon Components
Signup and view all the flashcards
Emotion and Creativity
Emotion and Creativity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Body Function Regulation
Body Function Regulation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Respiratory Function Regulation
Respiratory Function Regulation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Relay Station
Relay Station
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sex Drive Regulation
Sex Drive Regulation
Signup and view all the flashcards
ANS Coordinator
ANS Coordinator
Signup and view all the flashcards
Brain Stem Location
Brain Stem Location
Signup and view all the flashcards
Brain Stem Composition
Brain Stem Composition
Signup and view all the flashcards
Brain Stem Parts
Brain Stem Parts
Signup and view all the flashcards
Motor Neuron Location
Motor Neuron Location
Signup and view all the flashcards
Vital Autonomic Centers
Vital Autonomic Centers
Signup and view all the flashcards
Connection Point
Connection Point
Signup and view all the flashcards
Respiratory Centers Location
Respiratory Centers Location
Signup and view all the flashcards
Motor Fiber Crossing
Motor Fiber Crossing
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cerebellum Location
Cerebellum Location
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cerebellum Functions
Cerebellum Functions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Positive Romberg's Test
Positive Romberg's Test
Signup and view all the flashcards
Posture/Pain Control Problems
Posture/Pain Control Problems
Signup and view all the flashcards
Anterolateral Tract
Anterolateral Tract
Signup and view all the flashcards
Posterior Column
Posterior Column
Signup and view all the flashcards
Imprecise Localization
Imprecise Localization
Signup and view all the flashcards
Proprioception
Proprioception
Signup and view all the flashcards
Stereognosis
Stereognosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Object Differentiation
Object Differentiation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sensory Pathways of CNS
Sensory Pathways of CNS
Signup and view all the flashcards
Motor Pathways of CNS
Motor Pathways of CNS
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pyramidal (Corticospinal) Tracts
Pyramidal (Corticospinal) Tracts
Signup and view all the flashcards
Writing Motor Pathway
Writing Motor Pathway
Signup and view all the flashcards
Skilled, Discrete Movement
Skilled, Discrete Movement
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
- The neurological system comprises the CNS, peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous system.
CNS Composition
- The central nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.
- The brain is composed of the cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum.
Autonomic Nervous System
- The autonomic nervous system has two parts: sympathetic and parasympathetic.
- Sympathetic response is "fight or flight".
- Parasympathetic response is "rest and digest".
Nerve Pairs
- There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
- There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
Cerebrum
- The cerebrum consists of two hemispheres divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.
Frontal Lobe
- Controls voluntary movements and skeletal actions.
- Contains the Broca area, which controls speech.
- The left frontal lobe controls the right side of the body, and vice versa.
- Controls talking and writing, emotions, intellect, reasoning, judgment, and behavior.
Parietal Lobe
- Interprets tactile sensations, including touch, pain, temperature, shapes, and two-point discrimination.
Temporal Lobe
- Receives and interprets impulses from the ear.
- Contains Wernicke's area, which is responsible for interpreting auditory stimuli.
Occipital Lobe
- Associated with reading and understanding.
- It is the primary visual receptor center.
Diencephalon
- Consists of the thalamus and hypothalamus.
Thalamus
- Crucial to human emotion and creativity.
- Functions as a relay station in the brain.
Hypothalamus
- Crucial for regulating many body functions.
- Regulates respiratory functions and sex drive.
- Acts as the coordinator of ANS activity and stress response.
Brain Stem
- Located between the cerebral cortex and spinal cord.
- Consists mostly of nerve fibers.
- The parts of the brain stem are the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
Midbrain
- Contains many motor neurons and tracts.
- Merges into the thalamus and hypothalamus.
Pons
- Contains ascending sensory and descending motor tracts.
- Has two respiratory centers that coordinate with the main respiratory center.
Medulla Oblongata
- Contains vital autonomic centers, such as those for respiratory, heart, and GI function.
- Crossing of motor fibers occurs here.
Cerebellum
- Located under the occipital lobe.
- Primary functions include motor coordination of voluntary movements, maintenance of equilibrium, and maintenance of muscle tone.
- A positive Romberg's test may indicate a cerebellum issue.
Spinal Cord
- Issues may cause problems controlling posture, urinating, and response to pain.
Sensory Pathways of the CNS
- Anterolateral tract: sensations of pain, temperature, itch, and crude touch.
- Posterior column: sensations of position, vibration, and finely localized touch.
- With damage to the anterolateral tract, a person would not be able to precisely locate or say what something was when placed in their hand.
- Proprioception refers to the sense of body position.
- Stereognosis is finely localized touch.
- Using the posterior column pathway, a person can differentiate an object placed in their hands with their eyes closed and identify it.
Motor Pathways of the CNS
- Pyramidal (corticospinal) tract: mediates voluntary movement, particularly skilled, discrete, purposeful movements like writing.
- Extrapyramidal tract: maintains muscle tone and controls body movements like walking.
Cranial Nerves
- There are 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain, midbrain, and brainstem, named as follows:
- I. Olfactory (sensory) - Sense of smell.
- II. Optic (sensory) - Visual acuity.
- III. Oculomotor (both) - Eye movements, pupil constriction.
- IV. Trochlear (motor) - Eye movements.
- V. Trigeminal (both) - Muscles of mastication, sensation of face/scalp.
- VI. Abducens (motor) - Eye movements.
- VII. Facial (both) - Facial muscles, taste.
- VIII. Acoustic (sensory) - Hearing, equilibrium.
- IX. Glossopharyngeal (both) - Gag reflex, taste.
- X. Vagus (both) - Gag reflex, talking/swallowing, general sensation.
- XI. Spinal Accessory (motor) - Trapezius/sternomastoid strength.
- XII. Hypoglossal (motor) - Tongue movement.
Spinal Regions
- Cervical spine: C1-C8.
- Thoracic spine: T1-T12.
- Lumbar spine: L1-L5.
- Sacral spine: S1-S5.
- Coccygeal spine: coccyx (tailbone).
Spinal Cord Nerves
- Nerves enter and exit the spinal cord through roots.
- Sensory afferent fibers enter through the dorsal root of the cord.
- Motor efferent fibers exit through the anterior root of the cord.
- The higher the spinal cord injury, the worse it is for breathing.
Neurological Considerations
- Older Adults: Decreased taste, scent, ability to hear, ability to see, and an increase in tremors with movement.
- Infants: Motor activity is controlled in the spinal cord and medulla, and the neuro system is not fully developed at birth.
- Pregnant Women: The baby may compress the spinal cord, causing issues like tingling in the thigh, carpal tunnel syndrome, leg cramps, and dizziness.
- Decreased cerebral blood flow causes dizziness and loss of balance.
- Slower nerve conduction causes slower reaction time and decreased touch, pain, taste, and smell.
- Older adults experience general atrophy with a steady loss of neuron structure in the brain and spinal cord.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
