Autonomic Nervous System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which division of the peripheral nervous system brings information to the CNS from receptors in peripheral tissues and organs?

  • Special sensory division
  • Visceral sensory division
  • Motor division
  • Sensory division (correct)

Which division of the PNS controls skeletal muscle contractions?

  • Special sensory division
  • Motor division
  • Visceral sensory division
  • Somatic sensory division (correct)

Which division of the PNS provides autonomic regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose tissue?

  • Visceral sensory division
  • Special sensory division
  • Motor division (correct)
  • Somatic sensory division

What is the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

<p>To integrate, process, and coordinate sensory data and motor commands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are sensory structures that detect changes in the internal or external environment called?

<p>Receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the target organ of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

<p>Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the Peripheral Nervous System is responsible for the involuntary functions of blood vessels, glands, and internal organs?

<p>Autonomic NS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the Peripheral Nervous System consists of nerves connected to sensory receptors and skeletal muscles?

<p>Somatic NS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which efferent pathway allows signals to go directly from the spinal cord to skeletal muscles and activate them?

<p>Somatic efferent pathway (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which efferent pathway requires the presence of ganglia?

<p>Autonomic efferent pathway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System is responsible for 'rest and digest' and 'feed and breed' functions?

<p>Parasympathetic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the autonomic nervous system has short preganglionic neurons and long postganglionic neurons?

<p>Sympathetic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor type is activated by acetylcholine and nicotine, and produces excitation?

<p>Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is released by the preganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

<p>ACh (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division located?

<p>Thoracolumbar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is involved in the motor activity of the colon?

<p>Enteric (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is regulated by the hypothalamus?

<p>Both sympathetic and parasympathetic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the ANS is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

<p>The spinal nerve (sympathetic) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the ANS is primarily concerned with conservation of energy and maintenance of organ function during periods of minimal activity?

<p>The cranial or vagus nerve (parasympathetic) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the parasympathetic ganglia located?

<p>In close proximity to the effector organ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the ANS is responsible for the 'rest and digest' or 'feed and breed' response?

<p>The cranial or vagus nerve (parasympathetic) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the ANS has preganglionic fibers that originate in the CNS?

<p>The cranial or vagus nerve (parasympathetic) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the ANS has preganglionic fibers that lie in the intermediolateral columns of the spinal cord?

<p>The spinal nerve (sympathetic) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscarinic receptor mediates slow EPSP in autonomic ganglia?

<p>M1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscarinic receptor is responsible for negative inotropy and chronotropy in the heart?

<p>M2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscarinic receptor is critical for regulating glucose homeostasis by modulating insulin secretion?

<p>M3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscarinic receptor acts as an autoreceptor and controls the release of neurotransmitter by other neurons?

<p>M4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of adrenergic receptor is responsible for smooth muscle relaxation and dilation?

<p>Alpha 2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of adrenergic receptor mediates lipolysis in adipocytes?

<p>Beta 3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of receptors with their functions:

<p>Receptors = Detect changes in the internal or external environment Somatic sensory receptors = Provide position, touch, pressure, pain, and temperature sensations Special sensory receptors = Provide sensations of smell, taste, vision, balance, and hearing Visceral sensory receptors = Monitor internal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Two exceptions that are only innervated by the sympathetic nervous system are Sweat glands and Suprarenal glands (adrenal medulla)

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The effects of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system are antagonistic.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Afferent fibers carry information to the brain and are part of the somatic response.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a response of the sympathetic nervous system?

<p>Bronchi smooth muscle dilation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Functions of ANS can be divided into three main categories:

<p>Homeostasis: Provides regulation of the internal environment. Coordinate response to stress and exercise. Assists the endocrine and reproductive systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons located?

<p>In the intermediolateral columns of the spinal cord (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Sympathetic ganglia are mainly found in the paravertebral region.

<p>True (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal catecholamine released by the adrenal medulla?

<p>Epinephrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is released by the adrenal medulla in stress situations?

<p>Epinephrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the autonomic nervous system innervates the adrenal medulla?

<p>Sympathetic division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for more than 75% of the parasympathetic activity in the body?

<p>Vagus nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the parasympathetic system?

<p>Negative ino- and chronotropic heart effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the parasympathetic ganglia located?

<p>In close proximity to the effector organ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The location of preganglionic cell bodies in the sympathetic division is craniosacral.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The relative lengths of neurons in the sympathetic division are short preganglionic neuron and long postganglionic neuron.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muscarinic receptors are interacted with by ______ neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system.

<p>postganglionic</p> Signup and view all the answers

The neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) include ______ and adrenergic receptors.

<p>cholinergic</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The neurotransmitter released by the postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic division is norepinephrine.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The preganglionic neurons of the ANS are all ______.

<p>cholinergic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enteric nervous system Includes the ___ and the _____

<p>subcutaneous plexus; myenteric plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stops the response of junctional transmission?

<p>Enzymatic breakdown (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when voltage-gated channels are activated during axonal conduction?

<p>Depolarization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does neurotransmitter interact with the receptor during junctional transmission?

<p>At the synaptic cleft (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way in which the response of junctional transmission is stopped?

<p>Neurotransmitter reuptake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when voltage-gated channels are activated during axonal conduction?

<p>Neurotransmitter release (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does neurotransmitter interact with the receptor during junctional transmission?

<p>Synaptic cleft (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscarinic receptor is responsible for mediating slow EPSP in autonomic ganglia?

<p>M1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscarinic receptor is responsible for negative inotropy and chronotropy in the heart?

<p>M2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscarinic receptor is critical in regulating glucose homeostasis by modulating insulin secretion?

<p>M3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor is activated by acetylcholine and nicotine, and functions as both a receptor and an ion channel at the same time?

<p>Ligand-gated ion channel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the autonomic nervous system includes neuronal nicotinic receptors found in the autonomic ganglia of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?

<p>Sympathetic division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nicotinic receptor is found at the neuromuscular junction?

<p>Muscle nicotinic receptor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

El sistema nervioso autónomo controla y coordina varias funciones del cuerpo

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

El sistema nervioso central recibe información sensorial del ambiente externo e interno

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

El cerebelo es responsable de la coordinación de movimientos lentos y sostenidos

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

El sistema nervioso simpático y parasimpático son sistemas aferentes (sensoriales).

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

El sistema nervioso parasimpático es responsable de la respuesta de 'luchar o huir'.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

El sistema nervioso entérico se encuentra en las paredes del sistema gastrointestinal.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Los ganglios parasimpáticos se encuentran cerca del órgano efector.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

El sistema simpático activa ambos plexos y el sistema parasimpático activa ambos plexos.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Todas las neuronas preganglionares del SNA son colinérgicas.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Las neuronas posganglionares del sistema nervioso parasimpático son colinérgicas.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Las neuronas posganglionares del sistema nervioso simpático son adrenérgicas.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

El sistema nervioso autónomo es responsable de la regulación de las funciones voluntarias del organismo.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

El sistema parasimpático se encarga principalmente de conservar la energía y mantener la función de los órganos durante los períodos de actividad mínima.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

El sistema simpático prepara al organismo para una respuesta de 'lucha o huida'.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

La médula suprarrenal se asemeja embriológica y anatómicamente a los ganglios simpáticos y libera principalmente norepinefrina.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

El sistema nervioso autónomo (SNA) es más importante en situaciones de emergencia que provocan estrés y nos obligan a 'luchar' o 'huir'

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

El sistema nervioso autónomo parasimpático está involucrado en funciones viscerales necesarias para la vida, como el gasto cardíaco, la distribución del flujo sanguíneo y la digestión

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

El sistema nervioso somático se encarga de la adaptación al entorno externo y de controlar los músculos voluntarios

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

El sistema nervioso simpático está relacionado con la respuesta de 'descansar' y 'digerir'

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Los receptores adrenérgicos alfa 1 se encuentran en el músculo liso vascular, el esfínter vesical, el músculo del iris, las terminales nerviosas presinápticas, las plaquetas y las células grasas.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Los receptores adrenérgicos alfa 2 son excitadores y están localizados en el corazón, el músculo liso (vascular y bronquial), el tracto gastrointestinal, la vejiga y los adipocitos.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Los receptores adrenérgicos beta 1 están en el corazón (nódulos SA y AV y músculo ventricular), el músculo liso (vascular y bronquial), el tracto gastrointestinal y la vejiga.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What does the ANS control?

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for controlling involuntary functions of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and respiration.

What are the two branches of the ANS?

The ANS is divided into two branches: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response, preparing the body for emergency situations.

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response, promoting relaxation and reducing energy expenditure.

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What does the sympathetic nervous system release?

The sympathetic nervous system innervates the adrenal medulla, which releases norepinephrine.

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What does the parasympathetic nervous system innervate?

The parasympathetic nervous system innervates various organs, including the heart, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract.

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Where are the sympathetic preganglionic neurons located?

Preganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system are located in the intermediolateral columns of the spinal cord.

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Where are the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons located?

Preganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system are located in the craniosacral region of the spinal cord.

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Describe sympathetic postganglionic neurons.

Postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system are short, and ganglia are mainly found in the paravertebral region.

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Describe parasympathetic postganglionic neurons.

Postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system are long, and ganglia are located near the target organs.

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Where are sympathetic ganglia found?

Sympathetic ganglia are mainly found in the paravertebral region.

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Where are parasympathetic ganglia found?

Parasympathetic ganglia are located near the target organs.

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What receptors are associated with the parasympathetic nervous system?

Muscarinic receptors are interacted with by neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system.

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What receptors are associated with the sympathetic nervous system?

Adrenergic receptors are interacted with by neurons of the sympathetic nervous system.

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Where are nicotinic receptors found?

Nicotinic receptors are found in the autonomic ganglia of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

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What is the enteric nervous system?

The enteric nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system, regulating the gastrointestinal tract.

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What are the two major plexuses of the enteric nervous system?

The enteric nervous system includes the myenteric plexus and the submucosal plexus.

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When is the ANS more active?

The ANS is more important in emergency situations that cause stress and require a 'fight or flight' response.

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What does the CNS receive?

The CNS receives sensory information from the environment and internal organs.

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What does the CNS do with the information it receives?

The CNS integrates and processes information, controlling voluntary functions of the body.

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What are the two divisions of the PNS?

The PNS is divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

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What does the somatic nervous system control?

The somatic nervous system controls skeletal muscle contractions.

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What does the autonomic nervous system control?

The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose tissue.

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What is the function of the PNS?

The PNS carries sensory information from the environment and internal organs to the CNS and motor commands from the CNS to the body.

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Study Notes

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

  • The ANS is responsible for controlling involuntary functions of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and respiration.
  • The ANS has two divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Sympathetic Nervous System

  • Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response, preparing the body for emergency situations.
  • Innervates the adrenal medulla, which releases the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.
  • Preganglionic neurons are located in the intermediolateral columns of the spinal cord.
  • Postganglionic neurons are short, and ganglia are mainly found in the paravertebral region.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

  • Responsible for the 'rest and digest' response, promoting relaxation and reducing energy expenditure.
  • Innervates various organs, including the heart, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract.
  • Preganglionic neurons are located in the craniosacral region of the spinal cord.
  • Postganglionic neurons are long, and ganglia are located near the target organs.

Autonomic Ganglia

  • Sympathetic ganglia are mainly found in the paravertebral region.
  • Parasympathetic ganglia are located near the target organs.

Receptors

  • Muscarinic receptors are interacted with by neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system.
  • Adrenergic receptors are interacted with by neurons of the sympathetic nervous system.
  • Nicotinic receptors are found in the autonomic ganglia of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

Enteric Nervous System

  • Part of the autonomic nervous system, regulating the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Includes the myenteric plexus and the submucosal plexus.

Regulation of Functions

  • The ANS is responsible for regulating various involuntary functions, including heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and respiration.
  • The ANS is more important in emergency situations that cause stress and require a 'fight or flight' response.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

  • Receives sensory information from the environment and internal organs.
  • Integrates and processes information, controlling voluntary functions of the body.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

  • Divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
  • The somatic nervous system controls skeletal muscle contractions.
  • The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose tissue.

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Test your knowledge on the functions and divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Learn about the roles of the parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers, and how they work together to regulate the body's internal environment.

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