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Questions and Answers
Which division of the peripheral nervous system brings information to the CNS from receptors in peripheral tissues and organs?
Which division of the peripheral nervous system brings information to the CNS from receptors in peripheral tissues and organs?
Which division of the PNS controls skeletal muscle contractions?
Which division of the PNS controls skeletal muscle contractions?
Which division of the PNS provides autonomic regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose tissue?
Which division of the PNS provides autonomic regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose tissue?
What is the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?
What is the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?
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What are sensory structures that detect changes in the internal or external environment called?
What are sensory structures that detect changes in the internal or external environment called?
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What is the target organ of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
What is the target organ of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
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Which division of the Peripheral Nervous System is responsible for the involuntary functions of blood vessels, glands, and internal organs?
Which division of the Peripheral Nervous System is responsible for the involuntary functions of blood vessels, glands, and internal organs?
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Which division of the Peripheral Nervous System consists of nerves connected to sensory receptors and skeletal muscles?
Which division of the Peripheral Nervous System consists of nerves connected to sensory receptors and skeletal muscles?
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Which efferent pathway allows signals to go directly from the spinal cord to skeletal muscles and activate them?
Which efferent pathway allows signals to go directly from the spinal cord to skeletal muscles and activate them?
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Which efferent pathway requires the presence of ganglia?
Which efferent pathway requires the presence of ganglia?
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Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System is responsible for 'rest and digest' and 'feed and breed' functions?
Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System is responsible for 'rest and digest' and 'feed and breed' functions?
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Which division of the autonomic nervous system has short preganglionic neurons and long postganglionic neurons?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system has short preganglionic neurons and long postganglionic neurons?
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Which receptor type is activated by acetylcholine and nicotine, and produces excitation?
Which receptor type is activated by acetylcholine and nicotine, and produces excitation?
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Which neurotransmitter is released by the preganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?
Which neurotransmitter is released by the preganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?
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Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division located?
Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division located?
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Which division of the autonomic nervous system is involved in the motor activity of the colon?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is involved in the motor activity of the colon?
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Which division of the autonomic nervous system is regulated by the hypothalamus?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is regulated by the hypothalamus?
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Which division of the ANS is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?
Which division of the ANS is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?
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Which division of the ANS is primarily concerned with conservation of energy and maintenance of organ function during periods of minimal activity?
Which division of the ANS is primarily concerned with conservation of energy and maintenance of organ function during periods of minimal activity?
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Where are the parasympathetic ganglia located?
Where are the parasympathetic ganglia located?
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Which division of the ANS is responsible for the 'rest and digest' or 'feed and breed' response?
Which division of the ANS is responsible for the 'rest and digest' or 'feed and breed' response?
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Which division of the ANS has preganglionic fibers that originate in the CNS?
Which division of the ANS has preganglionic fibers that originate in the CNS?
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Which division of the ANS has preganglionic fibers that lie in the intermediolateral columns of the spinal cord?
Which division of the ANS has preganglionic fibers that lie in the intermediolateral columns of the spinal cord?
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Which type of muscarinic receptor mediates slow EPSP in autonomic ganglia?
Which type of muscarinic receptor mediates slow EPSP in autonomic ganglia?
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Which type of muscarinic receptor is responsible for negative inotropy and chronotropy in the heart?
Which type of muscarinic receptor is responsible for negative inotropy and chronotropy in the heart?
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Which type of muscarinic receptor is critical for regulating glucose homeostasis by modulating insulin secretion?
Which type of muscarinic receptor is critical for regulating glucose homeostasis by modulating insulin secretion?
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Which type of muscarinic receptor acts as an autoreceptor and controls the release of neurotransmitter by other neurons?
Which type of muscarinic receptor acts as an autoreceptor and controls the release of neurotransmitter by other neurons?
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Which type of adrenergic receptor is responsible for smooth muscle relaxation and dilation?
Which type of adrenergic receptor is responsible for smooth muscle relaxation and dilation?
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Which type of adrenergic receptor mediates lipolysis in adipocytes?
Which type of adrenergic receptor mediates lipolysis in adipocytes?
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Match the following types of receptors with their functions:
Match the following types of receptors with their functions:
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True or false: Two exceptions that are only innervated by the sympathetic nervous system are Sweat glands and Suprarenal glands (adrenal medulla)
True or false: Two exceptions that are only innervated by the sympathetic nervous system are Sweat glands and Suprarenal glands (adrenal medulla)
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True or false: The effects of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system are antagonistic.
True or false: The effects of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system are antagonistic.
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True or false: Afferent fibers carry information to the brain and are part of the somatic response.
True or false: Afferent fibers carry information to the brain and are part of the somatic response.
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Which of the following is NOT a response of the sympathetic nervous system?
Which of the following is NOT a response of the sympathetic nervous system?
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Functions of ANS can be divided into three main categories:
Functions of ANS can be divided into three main categories:
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Where are the cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons located?
Where are the cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons located?
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True or false: Sympathetic ganglia are mainly found in the paravertebral region.
True or false: Sympathetic ganglia are mainly found in the paravertebral region.
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What is the principal catecholamine released by the adrenal medulla?
What is the principal catecholamine released by the adrenal medulla?
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Which neurotransmitter is released by the adrenal medulla in stress situations?
Which neurotransmitter is released by the adrenal medulla in stress situations?
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Which division of the autonomic nervous system innervates the adrenal medulla?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system innervates the adrenal medulla?
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Which nerve is responsible for more than 75% of the parasympathetic activity in the body?
Which nerve is responsible for more than 75% of the parasympathetic activity in the body?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the parasympathetic system?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the parasympathetic system?
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Where are the parasympathetic ganglia located?
Where are the parasympathetic ganglia located?
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True or false: The location of preganglionic cell bodies in the sympathetic division is craniosacral.
True or false: The location of preganglionic cell bodies in the sympathetic division is craniosacral.
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True or false: The relative lengths of neurons in the sympathetic division are short preganglionic neuron and long postganglionic neuron.
True or false: The relative lengths of neurons in the sympathetic division are short preganglionic neuron and long postganglionic neuron.
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Muscarinic receptors are interacted with by ______ neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Muscarinic receptors are interacted with by ______ neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system.
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The neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) include ______ and adrenergic receptors.
The neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) include ______ and adrenergic receptors.
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True or false: The neurotransmitter released by the postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic division is norepinephrine.
True or false: The neurotransmitter released by the postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic division is norepinephrine.
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The preganglionic neurons of the ANS are all ______.
The preganglionic neurons of the ANS are all ______.
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Enteric nervous system Includes the ___ and the _____
Enteric nervous system Includes the ___ and the _____
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Which of the following stops the response of junctional transmission?
Which of the following stops the response of junctional transmission?
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What happens when voltage-gated channels are activated during axonal conduction?
What happens when voltage-gated channels are activated during axonal conduction?
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Where does neurotransmitter interact with the receptor during junctional transmission?
Where does neurotransmitter interact with the receptor during junctional transmission?
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Which of the following is NOT a way in which the response of junctional transmission is stopped?
Which of the following is NOT a way in which the response of junctional transmission is stopped?
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What happens when voltage-gated channels are activated during axonal conduction?
What happens when voltage-gated channels are activated during axonal conduction?
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Where does neurotransmitter interact with the receptor during junctional transmission?
Where does neurotransmitter interact with the receptor during junctional transmission?
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Which muscarinic receptor is responsible for mediating slow EPSP in autonomic ganglia?
Which muscarinic receptor is responsible for mediating slow EPSP in autonomic ganglia?
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Which muscarinic receptor is responsible for negative inotropy and chronotropy in the heart?
Which muscarinic receptor is responsible for negative inotropy and chronotropy in the heart?
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Which muscarinic receptor is critical in regulating glucose homeostasis by modulating insulin secretion?
Which muscarinic receptor is critical in regulating glucose homeostasis by modulating insulin secretion?
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Which type of receptor is activated by acetylcholine and nicotine, and functions as both a receptor and an ion channel at the same time?
Which type of receptor is activated by acetylcholine and nicotine, and functions as both a receptor and an ion channel at the same time?
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Which division of the autonomic nervous system includes neuronal nicotinic receptors found in the autonomic ganglia of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system includes neuronal nicotinic receptors found in the autonomic ganglia of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?
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Which type of nicotinic receptor is found at the neuromuscular junction?
Which type of nicotinic receptor is found at the neuromuscular junction?
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El sistema nervioso autónomo controla y coordina varias funciones del cuerpo
El sistema nervioso autónomo controla y coordina varias funciones del cuerpo
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El sistema nervioso central recibe información sensorial del ambiente externo e interno
El sistema nervioso central recibe información sensorial del ambiente externo e interno
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El cerebelo es responsable de la coordinación de movimientos lentos y sostenidos
El cerebelo es responsable de la coordinación de movimientos lentos y sostenidos
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El sistema nervioso simpático y parasimpático son sistemas aferentes (sensoriales).
El sistema nervioso simpático y parasimpático son sistemas aferentes (sensoriales).
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El sistema nervioso parasimpático es responsable de la respuesta de 'luchar o huir'.
El sistema nervioso parasimpático es responsable de la respuesta de 'luchar o huir'.
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El sistema nervioso entérico se encuentra en las paredes del sistema gastrointestinal.
El sistema nervioso entérico se encuentra en las paredes del sistema gastrointestinal.
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Los ganglios parasimpáticos se encuentran cerca del órgano efector.
Los ganglios parasimpáticos se encuentran cerca del órgano efector.
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El sistema simpático activa ambos plexos y el sistema parasimpático activa ambos plexos.
El sistema simpático activa ambos plexos y el sistema parasimpático activa ambos plexos.
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Todas las neuronas preganglionares del SNA son colinérgicas.
Todas las neuronas preganglionares del SNA son colinérgicas.
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Las neuronas posganglionares del sistema nervioso parasimpático son colinérgicas.
Las neuronas posganglionares del sistema nervioso parasimpático son colinérgicas.
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Las neuronas posganglionares del sistema nervioso simpático son adrenérgicas.
Las neuronas posganglionares del sistema nervioso simpático son adrenérgicas.
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El sistema nervioso autónomo es responsable de la regulación de las funciones voluntarias del organismo.
El sistema nervioso autónomo es responsable de la regulación de las funciones voluntarias del organismo.
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El sistema parasimpático se encarga principalmente de conservar la energía y mantener la función de los órganos durante los períodos de actividad mínima.
El sistema parasimpático se encarga principalmente de conservar la energía y mantener la función de los órganos durante los períodos de actividad mínima.
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El sistema simpático prepara al organismo para una respuesta de 'lucha o huida'.
El sistema simpático prepara al organismo para una respuesta de 'lucha o huida'.
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La médula suprarrenal se asemeja embriológica y anatómicamente a los ganglios simpáticos y libera principalmente norepinefrina.
La médula suprarrenal se asemeja embriológica y anatómicamente a los ganglios simpáticos y libera principalmente norepinefrina.
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El sistema nervioso autónomo (SNA) es más importante en situaciones de emergencia que provocan estrés y nos obligan a 'luchar' o 'huir'
El sistema nervioso autónomo (SNA) es más importante en situaciones de emergencia que provocan estrés y nos obligan a 'luchar' o 'huir'
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El sistema nervioso autónomo parasimpático está involucrado en funciones viscerales necesarias para la vida, como el gasto cardíaco, la distribución del flujo sanguíneo y la digestión
El sistema nervioso autónomo parasimpático está involucrado en funciones viscerales necesarias para la vida, como el gasto cardíaco, la distribución del flujo sanguíneo y la digestión
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El sistema nervioso somático se encarga de la adaptación al entorno externo y de controlar los músculos voluntarios
El sistema nervioso somático se encarga de la adaptación al entorno externo y de controlar los músculos voluntarios
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El sistema nervioso simpático está relacionado con la respuesta de 'descansar' y 'digerir'
El sistema nervioso simpático está relacionado con la respuesta de 'descansar' y 'digerir'
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Los receptores adrenérgicos alfa 1 se encuentran en el músculo liso vascular, el esfínter vesical, el músculo del iris, las terminales nerviosas presinápticas, las plaquetas y las células grasas.
Los receptores adrenérgicos alfa 1 se encuentran en el músculo liso vascular, el esfínter vesical, el músculo del iris, las terminales nerviosas presinápticas, las plaquetas y las células grasas.
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Los receptores adrenérgicos alfa 2 son excitadores y están localizados en el corazón, el músculo liso (vascular y bronquial), el tracto gastrointestinal, la vejiga y los adipocitos.
Los receptores adrenérgicos alfa 2 son excitadores y están localizados en el corazón, el músculo liso (vascular y bronquial), el tracto gastrointestinal, la vejiga y los adipocitos.
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Los receptores adrenérgicos beta 1 están en el corazón (nódulos SA y AV y músculo ventricular), el músculo liso (vascular y bronquial), el tracto gastrointestinal y la vejiga.
Los receptores adrenérgicos beta 1 están en el corazón (nódulos SA y AV y músculo ventricular), el músculo liso (vascular y bronquial), el tracto gastrointestinal y la vejiga.
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Study Notes
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
- The ANS is responsible for controlling involuntary functions of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and respiration.
- The ANS has two divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Sympathetic Nervous System
- Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response, preparing the body for emergency situations.
- Innervates the adrenal medulla, which releases the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.
- Preganglionic neurons are located in the intermediolateral columns of the spinal cord.
- Postganglionic neurons are short, and ganglia are mainly found in the paravertebral region.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Responsible for the 'rest and digest' response, promoting relaxation and reducing energy expenditure.
- Innervates various organs, including the heart, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract.
- Preganglionic neurons are located in the craniosacral region of the spinal cord.
- Postganglionic neurons are long, and ganglia are located near the target organs.
Autonomic Ganglia
- Sympathetic ganglia are mainly found in the paravertebral region.
- Parasympathetic ganglia are located near the target organs.
Receptors
- Muscarinic receptors are interacted with by neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system.
- Adrenergic receptors are interacted with by neurons of the sympathetic nervous system.
- Nicotinic receptors are found in the autonomic ganglia of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
Enteric Nervous System
- Part of the autonomic nervous system, regulating the gastrointestinal tract.
- Includes the myenteric plexus and the submucosal plexus.
Regulation of Functions
- The ANS is responsible for regulating various involuntary functions, including heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and respiration.
- The ANS is more important in emergency situations that cause stress and require a 'fight or flight' response.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Receives sensory information from the environment and internal organs.
- Integrates and processes information, controlling voluntary functions of the body.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
- The somatic nervous system controls skeletal muscle contractions.
- The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose tissue.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the functions and divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Learn about the roles of the parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers, and how they work together to regulate the body's internal environment.
