25 Questions
What is the physiologic limit for cup-to-disc ratio when assessing optic cupping?
0.5
Which condition is characterized by an elevated optic disc covered with cotton wool spots and flame hemorrhages?
Optic disc edema
What is the primary cause of Cotton Wool Spots observed in the retina?
Ganglion cell axons damage
What is the likely origin of a 'Hollenhorst' plaque when observed during examination?
Fibrin embolus
Which condition is often associated with the presence of Roth spots in the retina?
Bacterial endocarditis
What abnormality is associated with the Finger to Nose test?
Intention tremor
Which abnormality may be observed during the Heel to Shin test?
Oscillating heel
What is a characteristic of the Hemiplegic Gait?
Loss of normal arm swing
What distinguishes the Diplegic Gait from other gait abnormalities mentioned?
Dragging affected leg in a semicircle
What could be a possible sign of mild hemiparesis based on the text?
Circumduction of the leg when walking
What type of movement is considered abnormal and may indicate cerebellar disease, basal ganglia disease, or upper motor neuron weakness?
Dysdiadochokinesis
Which test involves asking the patient to slide their heel down their opposite shin and back up?
Heel-to-Shin test
What does an abnormality in the Finger-to-Nose test indicate?
Cerebellar dysfunction
Which type of movement is described as smooth and accurate in the Heel-to-Shin test?
Smooth coordinated movements
What does abnormal movement in both the Finger-to-Nose and Heel-to-Shin tests suggest?
Cerebellar dysfunction
What does a red, tender, swollen eardrum filled with yellowish-green pus typically indicate?
External ear infection
What frequency range is considered normal for bowel sounds?
5-35 sounds per minute
What does hypoactive bowel sounds (less than 5 sounds per minute) suggest?
Constipation
If abdominal auscultation reveals absent bowel sounds, what condition might be indicated?
Peritonitis
Which technique is performed before deep palpation to detect tenderness, muscle resistance, and superficial organs or masses in a particular region?
Superficial palpation
Which cardiac pathology is characterized by ventricular stiffening due to hypertrophy or fibrosis?
Aortic stenosis
Which condition may present with Pulsus parvus et tardus (weak + delayed carotid upstroke)?
Mitral stenosis
What is a common cause of aortic regurgitation in the acute setting?
Infective endocarditis
Which connective tissue disorders are associated with mitral valve prolapse?
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
In patients with genetic abnormalities like Down syndrome, which heart condition might be observed?
Ventricular septal defect
Learn about abnormal findings in neurological examination tests like finger to nose, heel to shin, and gait assessment. Understand the signs of clumsy movements, dysmetria, and intention tremor that may indicate neurological dysfunction.
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