Neurological Emergency Assessment Quiz
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Neurological Emergency Assessment Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the A/Ox4 assessment?

  • Person
  • Time
  • Location
  • Emotion (correct)

    • Which of the following is a common use of the AEIOU-TIPS mnemonic?

  • To assess muscle strength and coordination
  • To identify potential causes for changes in level of consciousness (correct)
  • To determine a patient's medication history
  • To evaluate cognitive function

    • Which symptom is typically associated with infectious neurological diseases?

  • Improved cognitive function
  • Increased sensory perception
  • Altered motor control (correct)
  • Persistent headache

    • What is a primary reason for using specific medications in epilepsy management?

    <p>To reduce the frequency of seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chronic neurological disorder is characterized by episodes of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain?

    <p>Epilepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a Tonic-Clonic seizure?

    <p>Loss of coordination and violent jerking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential risk during the postictal phase of a seizure?

    <p>Loss of airway protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum dosage of D50W recommended in managing hypoglycemia during a stroke?

    <p>12.5g every 10 minutes to a maximum of 25g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes generalized seizures from partial seizures?

    <p>Generalized seizures involve both hemispheres of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In managing a stroke patient, what is crucial regarding airway management?

    <p>A clear airway is ensured via positioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a Jacksonian seizure?

    <p>Alteration in movement without changing awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about absence seizures is accurate?

    <p>Patients experience memory loss during the event.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes status epilepticus?

    <p>Recurring seizures without full consciousness regained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common treatment for managing seizures?

    <p>Anticonvulsant medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential complication can occur during a Tonic-Clonic seizure?

    <p>Prolonged lack of oxygen and glucose to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?

    <p>Progressive loss of muscle control without affecting mental status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which seizure medication specifically treats absence seizures?

    <p>Depakene (valproic acid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of Jacksonian seizures?

    <p>Lip smacking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the postictal state associated with Todd’s Paralysis?

    <p>Temporary hemiparalysis resembling a stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT classified as a chronic neurological disorder?

    <p>Poliomyelitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Valium (diazepam) in seizure management?

    <p>It potentiates GABA to inhibit seizure activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with Multiple Sclerosis?

    <p>Spotty destruction of myelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of partial seizure includes an altered level of consciousness?

    <p>Complex Partial Seizure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is used to rapidly transport seizure patients?

    <p>Benzodiazepines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major characteristic of Parkinson’s Disease?

    <p>Decline in motor control and presence of tremors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neurological Emergency Assessment

    • AVPU is used when a patient has decreased GCS/LOC or is incapable of verbal communication (PEDS).
    • A/Ox4 is used with verbal adults to determine awareness of person, place, time and event.
    • AEIOU-TIPS is a mnemonic that represents common causes of decreased LOC.

    Neurological Emergencies

    • Alcohol, apnea, anaphylaxis
    • Epilepsy, environmental (heat/cold)
    • Insulin (diabetes)
    • Overdose
    • Uremia
    • Trauma
    • Infection
    • Psychiatric, poisoning
    • Stroke, shock

    Seizures

    • Generalized Seizures involve both hemispheres of the brain.
    • Partial Seizures involve only one hemisphere or portion of the brain.
    • Absence Seizures involve brief periods of abnormal, purposeless behavior, lasting only a few seconds.
    • Tonic-Clonic Seizures are characterized by a sudden onset of loss of coordination and consciousness with violent jerking of the body.
    • Postictal Phase is the period where consciousness is progressively regained.
    • Status Epilepticus is any seizure activity lasting 30 minutes or more, with recurring seizures without full consciousness regained.

    Types of Partial Seizures

    • Focal Partial Seizures involve a single muscle group with sensory symptoms, but no decrease in LOC or postictal phase.
    • Complex Partial Seizures involve behavioral changes and an altered LOC. Usually accompanied by an aura and no memory of the event.
    • Jacksonian Seizure involves brief alteration in movement, sensation, or nerve function caused by abnormal electrical activity in a localized area of the brain.

    Treatment for Seizures

    • Protect the patient from hurting themselves.
    • Manage airway and give high-flow oxygen.
    • IV therapy and ALS (medications)
    • Transport rapidly.
    • Prepare for possible re-occurrence.

    Chronic Neurological Disorders

    • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a muscular dystrophy caused by degeneration of motor neurons of the spinal cord.
    • Cerebral Palsy is caused by a congenital defect or lesion.
    • Multiple Sclerosis involves spotty destruction of myelin, starting in the teen years.
    • Parkinson's Disease is a progressive, degenerative condition of the brain tissue, resulting in tremors, loss of motor control, and speech difficulties.
    • Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious infectious disease known for its destruction to the nervous system causing paralysis.

    Medications for Seizures

    • Dilantin/Phenytoin and Tegretol/Carbamazepine suppress seizure activity by blocking sodium channels.
    • Phenobarbital is a common barbiturate that is a weak CNS depressant.
    • Depakene/Valproic Acid is the only treatment for absence seizures.

    Pre-hospital Seizure Medications

    • Valium/Diazepam and Versed/Midazolam are benzodiazepines that potentiate GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter.

    Todd's Paralysis

    • Condition after a seizure where the postictal state resembles a stroke
    • Hemiparalysis, CSS deficits, slurred speech
    • Corrects itself as the postictal state lessens

    Stroke

    • Facial Droop +1 point
    • Slow drift/pronator drift +1 point
    • Rapid drop +2 points
    • Unilateral weakness +1 point
    • Unilateral paralysis +2 points

    Stroke Treatment

    • Airway management
    • O2 therapy
    • IV therapy (18g R AC preferred site)
    • Rapid transport to appropriate facility (call ahead for stroke team)
    • Positioning (Upper body at slight elevation to aid in reducing ICP)
    • D50W 12.5g q10m MAX 25g to BGL 3.0

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    Related Documents

    Neurological Emergencies PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on neurological emergency assessment with this quiz. It covers essential topics such as AVPU, A/Ox4, AEIOU-TIPS, seizures, and their classifications. Perfect for healthcare professionals looking to refresh their understanding of critical care medicine.

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