Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT part of the A/Ox4 assessment?
Which of the following is NOT part of the A/Ox4 assessment?
- Person
- Time
- Location
- Emotion (correct)
Which of the following is a common use of the AEIOU-TIPS mnemonic?
Which of the following is a common use of the AEIOU-TIPS mnemonic?
- To assess muscle strength and coordination
- To identify potential causes for changes in level of consciousness (correct)
- To determine a patient's medication history
- To evaluate cognitive function
Which symptom is typically associated with infectious neurological diseases?
Which symptom is typically associated with infectious neurological diseases?
- Improved cognitive function
- Increased sensory perception
- Altered motor control (correct)
- Persistent headache
What is a primary reason for using specific medications in epilepsy management?
What is a primary reason for using specific medications in epilepsy management?
Which chronic neurological disorder is characterized by episodes of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain?
Which chronic neurological disorder is characterized by episodes of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain?
What characterizes a Tonic-Clonic seizure?
What characterizes a Tonic-Clonic seizure?
Which of the following is a potential risk during the postictal phase of a seizure?
Which of the following is a potential risk during the postictal phase of a seizure?
What is the maximum dosage of D50W recommended in managing hypoglycemia during a stroke?
What is the maximum dosage of D50W recommended in managing hypoglycemia during a stroke?
What distinguishes generalized seizures from partial seizures?
What distinguishes generalized seizures from partial seizures?
In managing a stroke patient, what is crucial regarding airway management?
In managing a stroke patient, what is crucial regarding airway management?
What is the primary characteristic of a Jacksonian seizure?
What is the primary characteristic of a Jacksonian seizure?
Which of the following statements about absence seizures is accurate?
Which of the following statements about absence seizures is accurate?
What describes status epilepticus?
What describes status epilepticus?
Which of the following is a common treatment for managing seizures?
Which of the following is a common treatment for managing seizures?
What potential complication can occur during a Tonic-Clonic seizure?
What potential complication can occur during a Tonic-Clonic seizure?
What is a characteristic feature of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?
What is a characteristic feature of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?
Which seizure medication specifically treats absence seizures?
Which seizure medication specifically treats absence seizures?
Which of the following is a common symptom of Jacksonian seizures?
Which of the following is a common symptom of Jacksonian seizures?
What defines the postictal state associated with Todd’s Paralysis?
What defines the postictal state associated with Todd’s Paralysis?
Which condition is NOT classified as a chronic neurological disorder?
Which condition is NOT classified as a chronic neurological disorder?
What is the role of Valium (diazepam) in seizure management?
What is the role of Valium (diazepam) in seizure management?
Which symptom is associated with Multiple Sclerosis?
Which symptom is associated with Multiple Sclerosis?
What type of partial seizure includes an altered level of consciousness?
What type of partial seizure includes an altered level of consciousness?
Which medication class is used to rapidly transport seizure patients?
Which medication class is used to rapidly transport seizure patients?
What is a major characteristic of Parkinson’s Disease?
What is a major characteristic of Parkinson’s Disease?
Study Notes
Neurological Emergency Assessment
- AVPU is used when a patient has decreased GCS/LOC or is incapable of verbal communication (PEDS).
- A/Ox4 is used with verbal adults to determine awareness of person, place, time and event.
- AEIOU-TIPS is a mnemonic that represents common causes of decreased LOC.
Neurological Emergencies
- Alcohol, apnea, anaphylaxis
- Epilepsy, environmental (heat/cold)
- Insulin (diabetes)
- Overdose
- Uremia
- Trauma
- Infection
- Psychiatric, poisoning
- Stroke, shock
Seizures
- Generalized Seizures involve both hemispheres of the brain.
- Partial Seizures involve only one hemisphere or portion of the brain.
- Absence Seizures involve brief periods of abnormal, purposeless behavior, lasting only a few seconds.
- Tonic-Clonic Seizures are characterized by a sudden onset of loss of coordination and consciousness with violent jerking of the body.
- Postictal Phase is the period where consciousness is progressively regained.
- Status Epilepticus is any seizure activity lasting 30 minutes or more, with recurring seizures without full consciousness regained.
Types of Partial Seizures
- Focal Partial Seizures involve a single muscle group with sensory symptoms, but no decrease in LOC or postictal phase.
- Complex Partial Seizures involve behavioral changes and an altered LOC. Usually accompanied by an aura and no memory of the event.
- Jacksonian Seizure involves brief alteration in movement, sensation, or nerve function caused by abnormal electrical activity in a localized area of the brain.
Treatment for Seizures
- Protect the patient from hurting themselves.
- Manage airway and give high-flow oxygen.
- IV therapy and ALS (medications)
- Transport rapidly.
- Prepare for possible re-occurrence.
Chronic Neurological Disorders
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a muscular dystrophy caused by degeneration of motor neurons of the spinal cord.
- Cerebral Palsy is caused by a congenital defect or lesion.
- Multiple Sclerosis involves spotty destruction of myelin, starting in the teen years.
- Parkinson's Disease is a progressive, degenerative condition of the brain tissue, resulting in tremors, loss of motor control, and speech difficulties.
- Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious infectious disease known for its destruction to the nervous system causing paralysis.
Medications for Seizures
- Dilantin/Phenytoin and Tegretol/Carbamazepine suppress seizure activity by blocking sodium channels.
- Phenobarbital is a common barbiturate that is a weak CNS depressant.
- Depakene/Valproic Acid is the only treatment for absence seizures.
Pre-hospital Seizure Medications
- Valium/Diazepam and Versed/Midazolam are benzodiazepines that potentiate GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Todd's Paralysis
- Condition after a seizure where the postictal state resembles a stroke
- Hemiparalysis, CSS deficits, slurred speech
- Corrects itself as the postictal state lessens
Stroke
- Facial Droop +1 point
- Slow drift/pronator drift +1 point
- Rapid drop +2 points
- Unilateral weakness +1 point
- Unilateral paralysis +2 points
Stroke Treatment
- Airway management
- O2 therapy
- IV therapy (18g R AC preferred site)
- Rapid transport to appropriate facility (call ahead for stroke team)
- Positioning (Upper body at slight elevation to aid in reducing ICP)
- D50W 12.5g q10m MAX 25g to BGL 3.0
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Description
Test your knowledge on neurological emergency assessment with this quiz. It covers essential topics such as AVPU, A/Ox4, AEIOU-TIPS, seizures, and their classifications. Perfect for healthcare professionals looking to refresh their understanding of critical care medicine.
