Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT part of the A/Ox4 assessment?
Which of the following is NOT part of the A/Ox4 assessment?
Which of the following is a common use of the AEIOU-TIPS mnemonic?
Which of the following is a common use of the AEIOU-TIPS mnemonic?
Which symptom is typically associated with infectious neurological diseases?
Which symptom is typically associated with infectious neurological diseases?
What is a primary reason for using specific medications in epilepsy management?
What is a primary reason for using specific medications in epilepsy management?
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Which chronic neurological disorder is characterized by episodes of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain?
Which chronic neurological disorder is characterized by episodes of uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain?
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What characterizes a Tonic-Clonic seizure?
What characterizes a Tonic-Clonic seizure?
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Which of the following is a potential risk during the postictal phase of a seizure?
Which of the following is a potential risk during the postictal phase of a seizure?
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What is the maximum dosage of D50W recommended in managing hypoglycemia during a stroke?
What is the maximum dosage of D50W recommended in managing hypoglycemia during a stroke?
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What distinguishes generalized seizures from partial seizures?
What distinguishes generalized seizures from partial seizures?
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In managing a stroke patient, what is crucial regarding airway management?
In managing a stroke patient, what is crucial regarding airway management?
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What is the primary characteristic of a Jacksonian seizure?
What is the primary characteristic of a Jacksonian seizure?
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Which of the following statements about absence seizures is accurate?
Which of the following statements about absence seizures is accurate?
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What describes status epilepticus?
What describes status epilepticus?
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Which of the following is a common treatment for managing seizures?
Which of the following is a common treatment for managing seizures?
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What potential complication can occur during a Tonic-Clonic seizure?
What potential complication can occur during a Tonic-Clonic seizure?
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What is a characteristic feature of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?
What is a characteristic feature of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?
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Which seizure medication specifically treats absence seizures?
Which seizure medication specifically treats absence seizures?
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Which of the following is a common symptom of Jacksonian seizures?
Which of the following is a common symptom of Jacksonian seizures?
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What defines the postictal state associated with Todd’s Paralysis?
What defines the postictal state associated with Todd’s Paralysis?
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Which condition is NOT classified as a chronic neurological disorder?
Which condition is NOT classified as a chronic neurological disorder?
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What is the role of Valium (diazepam) in seizure management?
What is the role of Valium (diazepam) in seizure management?
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Which symptom is associated with Multiple Sclerosis?
Which symptom is associated with Multiple Sclerosis?
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What type of partial seizure includes an altered level of consciousness?
What type of partial seizure includes an altered level of consciousness?
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Which medication class is used to rapidly transport seizure patients?
Which medication class is used to rapidly transport seizure patients?
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What is a major characteristic of Parkinson’s Disease?
What is a major characteristic of Parkinson’s Disease?
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Study Notes
Neurological Emergency Assessment
- AVPU is used when a patient has decreased GCS/LOC or is incapable of verbal communication (PEDS).
- A/Ox4 is used with verbal adults to determine awareness of person, place, time and event.
- AEIOU-TIPS is a mnemonic that represents common causes of decreased LOC.
Neurological Emergencies
- Alcohol, apnea, anaphylaxis
- Epilepsy, environmental (heat/cold)
- Insulin (diabetes)
- Overdose
- Uremia
- Trauma
- Infection
- Psychiatric, poisoning
- Stroke, shock
Seizures
- Generalized Seizures involve both hemispheres of the brain.
- Partial Seizures involve only one hemisphere or portion of the brain.
- Absence Seizures involve brief periods of abnormal, purposeless behavior, lasting only a few seconds.
- Tonic-Clonic Seizures are characterized by a sudden onset of loss of coordination and consciousness with violent jerking of the body.
- Postictal Phase is the period where consciousness is progressively regained.
- Status Epilepticus is any seizure activity lasting 30 minutes or more, with recurring seizures without full consciousness regained.
Types of Partial Seizures
- Focal Partial Seizures involve a single muscle group with sensory symptoms, but no decrease in LOC or postictal phase.
- Complex Partial Seizures involve behavioral changes and an altered LOC. Usually accompanied by an aura and no memory of the event.
- Jacksonian Seizure involves brief alteration in movement, sensation, or nerve function caused by abnormal electrical activity in a localized area of the brain.
Treatment for Seizures
- Protect the patient from hurting themselves.
- Manage airway and give high-flow oxygen.
- IV therapy and ALS (medications)
- Transport rapidly.
- Prepare for possible re-occurrence.
Chronic Neurological Disorders
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a muscular dystrophy caused by degeneration of motor neurons of the spinal cord.
- Cerebral Palsy is caused by a congenital defect or lesion.
- Multiple Sclerosis involves spotty destruction of myelin, starting in the teen years.
- Parkinson's Disease is a progressive, degenerative condition of the brain tissue, resulting in tremors, loss of motor control, and speech difficulties.
- Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious infectious disease known for its destruction to the nervous system causing paralysis.
Medications for Seizures
- Dilantin/Phenytoin and Tegretol/Carbamazepine suppress seizure activity by blocking sodium channels.
- Phenobarbital is a common barbiturate that is a weak CNS depressant.
- Depakene/Valproic Acid is the only treatment for absence seizures.
Pre-hospital Seizure Medications
- Valium/Diazepam and Versed/Midazolam are benzodiazepines that potentiate GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Todd's Paralysis
- Condition after a seizure where the postictal state resembles a stroke
- Hemiparalysis, CSS deficits, slurred speech
- Corrects itself as the postictal state lessens
Stroke
- Facial Droop +1 point
- Slow drift/pronator drift +1 point
- Rapid drop +2 points
- Unilateral weakness +1 point
- Unilateral paralysis +2 points
Stroke Treatment
- Airway management
- O2 therapy
- IV therapy (18g R AC preferred site)
- Rapid transport to appropriate facility (call ahead for stroke team)
- Positioning (Upper body at slight elevation to aid in reducing ICP)
- D50W 12.5g q10m MAX 25g to BGL 3.0
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Description
Test your knowledge on neurological emergency assessment with this quiz. It covers essential topics such as AVPU, A/Ox4, AEIOU-TIPS, seizures, and their classifications. Perfect for healthcare professionals looking to refresh their understanding of critical care medicine.
