Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the least likely cause of a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure in a 40-year-old patient without a history of seizures?
What is the least likely cause of a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure in a 40-year-old patient without a history of seizures?
A patient who is experiencing aphasia is:
A patient who is experiencing aphasia is:
A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is not eligible for thrombolytic therapy if he or she:
A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is not eligible for thrombolytic therapy if he or she:
A patient with an altered mental status is:
A patient with an altered mental status is:
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Components of the Cincinnati pre-hospital Stroke Scale include:
Components of the Cincinnati pre-hospital Stroke Scale include:
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Febrile seizures:
Febrile seizures:
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Muscle control and body coordination are controlled by the:
Muscle control and body coordination are controlled by the:
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Status epilepticus is characterized by:
Status epilepticus is characterized by:
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The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the:
The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the:
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The spinal cord exits the cranium through the:
The spinal cord exits the cranium through the:
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The three major parts of the brain are:
The three major parts of the brain are:
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When you assess for arm drift in a patient with a suspected stroke, you should:
When you assess for arm drift in a patient with a suspected stroke, you should:
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When caring for a patient with documented hypoglycemia, you should be MOST alert for:
When caring for a patient with documented hypoglycemia, you should be MOST alert for:
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Which of the following clinical signs is MOST suggestive of a ruptured aneurysm?
Which of the following clinical signs is MOST suggestive of a ruptured aneurysm?
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Which of the following conditions would MOST likely affect the entire brain?
Which of the following conditions would MOST likely affect the entire brain?
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Which of the following findings should concern the EMT the MOST when assessing a patient who complains of a headache?
Which of the following findings should concern the EMT the MOST when assessing a patient who complains of a headache?
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Which of the following is characteristic of a focal-onset aware seizure?
Which of the following is characteristic of a focal-onset aware seizure?
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Which of the following most accurately describes the cause of an ischemic stroke?
Which of the following most accurately describes the cause of an ischemic stroke?
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A 58-year-old male presents with confusion, right-sided weakness, and slurred speech. What is the MOST immediate priority?
A 58-year-old male presents with confusion, right-sided weakness, and slurred speech. What is the MOST immediate priority?
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Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke?
Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke?
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You are dispatched to a residence for a 66-year-old male who allegedly suffered a massive stroke. What should you do first?
You are dispatched to a residence for a 66-year-old male who allegedly suffered a massive stroke. What should you do first?
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Law enforcement has summoned you to a nightclub for a 22-year-old female found unconscious. What should you do?
Law enforcement has summoned you to a nightclub for a 22-year-old female found unconscious. What should you do?
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During the primary assessment of a semi-conscious 70-year-old female, what should you prioritize?
During the primary assessment of a semi-conscious 70-year-old female, what should you prioritize?
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Which of the following MOST accurately describes a focal onset aware seizure?
Which of the following MOST accurately describes a focal onset aware seizure?
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Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, except:
Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, except:
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Which of the following patients would MOST likely demonstrate typical signs of infection, such as fever?
Which of the following patients would MOST likely demonstrate typical signs of infection, such as fever?
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Study Notes
Seizures and Stroke
- Generalized seizures in adults can be caused by epilepsy, brain tumors, intracranial bleeding, or serious infections; least likely cause is epilepsy.
- Aphasia indicates an inability to produce or understand speech, typically arises from stroke or brain injury.
- Thrombolytic therapy is contraindicated in patients with bleeding within the brain.
Mental Status and Assessment
- Altered mental status can indicate confusion and may include the inability to respond to stimuli.
- Cincinnati pre-hospital Stroke Scale includes arm drift, speech, and facial droop as key components for assessing stroke.
Febrile Seizures and Risk Factors
- Febrile seizures typically occur in children and are generally benign, but evaluation is necessary.
- Chronic alcoholism is associated with an increased risk of intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia due to liver abnormalities.
Brain Function and Anatomy
- The cerebellum is responsible for muscle control and coordination, while basic functions like breathing and heart rate are regulated by the brainstem.
- Major parts of the brain include the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.
Emergency Response
- Status epilepticus is characterized by prolonged seizures without a return to consciousness; immediate intervention is critical.
- Hypertension is the most significant risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke.
Neurological Assessment
- The spinal cord exits the skull through the foramen magnum.
- A Glasgow Coma Scale score of 12 indicates a semi-conscious state with focused but weak responses.
Clinical Signs and Conditions
- Sudden, severe headaches suggest a ruptured aneurysm; neck stiffness may indicate meningitis or serious infection.
- Focal-onset aware seizures maintain consciousness but may cause blank staring.
Ischemic Stroke and Interventions
- Ischemic stroke results from blockage of a cerebral artery; quick assessment of onset symptoms is crucial for patient management.
- CPR should be initiated immediately if a patient is unresponsive and suspected of having a stroke.
Additional Considerations
- Not all patients with a headache will exhibit classic infection signs; assessment requires clinical context.
- Hypoglycemia, hypovolemia, and postictal states can mimic stroke symptoms but differ in management approaches.
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Description
Test your knowledge on neurologic emergencies with this quiz based on EMT Chapter 18. Explore key concepts such as seizures and aphasia to better understand emergency medical responses. Perfect for EMT students and healthcare professionals.
