Neurological Effects of Hypercapnia in Closed-Head Injuries
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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of high CO2 levels on cerebral vessels in patients with closed-head injuries?

  • No change in cerebral blood flow
  • Cerebral vasoconstriction
  • Cerebral blood flow cessation
  • Cerebral vasodilation (correct)

    • What is the consequence of increased intracranial pressure in patients with traumatic brain injury?

  • Cerebral vasoconstriction and reduced blood flow
  • Cerebral hypoxia and ischemia (correct)
  • Increased risk of psychotic events
  • Cerebral vasodilation and improved oxygenation

    • What happens to the response mediated by central chemoreceptors in the face of chronically elevated CO2 levels?

  • The response is unpredictable
  • It is accentuated or increased
  • There is no change in the response
  • It is muted or decreased (correct)

    • Why does the brain swell acutely in patients with traumatic brain injury?

    <p>Due to increased intracranial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of decreased PCO2 in patients with closed-head injuries?

    <p>Decreased cerebral blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the kidneys' retention of bicarbonate ions in response to respiratory acidosis?

    <p>It decreases the stimulatory effect of CO2 on central chemoreceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of RV on the spirogram?

    <p>3.1 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of IRV and VT equal to?

    <p>IC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should O2 therapy be administered to chronically hypercapnic patients?

    <p>Give as much O2 as required to maintain adequate oxygenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the response of the peripheral chemoreceptors to hypercapnia when hyperoxia is present?

    <p>There is virtually no response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions does not stimulate the chemoreceptors?

    <p>Alkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the breathing pattern characterized by gradual increases and decreases in tidal volume and respiratory rate, followed by periods of apnea?

    <p>Cheyne-Stokes breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

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