Neurological Assessment and Traumatic Brain Injury Management
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Questions and Answers

Which artery is critical and often referred to as the 'widow-maker' if blocked?

  • Posterior Descending Artery
  • Left Anterior Descending (LAD) Artery (correct)
  • Left Circumflex Artery
  • Right Coronary Artery

    • What is the gold standard biomarker that indicates heart muscle damage?

  • Troponin (correct)
  • BNP
  • Myoglobin
  • CK-MB

    • What is the recommended administration process for aspirin in the case of myocardial infarction?

  • Crush and mix with water
  • Swallow with water
  • Chew 2 tablets (correct)
  • Inject intramuscularly

    • What is the purpose of tPA (tissue plasminogen activator) in ischemic stroke?

    <p>Dissolves clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for stroke?

    <p>$Hypertension$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acronym used to recognize and respond to stroke symptoms?

    <p>$FAST$ (Face, Arms, Speech, Time)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chest pain may be associated with a heart attack and increased demand for oxygen?

    <p>Unstable Angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes respiratory acidosis?

    <p>High CO$_2$ and low pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is metabolic alkalosis defined?

    <p>High HCO$_3$ and high pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of pulmonary embolism?

    <p>Obstruction of a pulmonary artery branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is pleural effusion diagnosed?

    <p>X-ray or CT scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes hemothorax?

    <p>Rapid blood accumulation in the pleural space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oxygen therapy method is used for acute hypoxia?

    <p>Heated high-flow nasal cannula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common acute conditions influencing pediatric respiratory distress?

    <p>Foreign body aspiration, croup, RSV infection, pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the pediatric assessment triangle assess?

    <p>Appearance, work of breathing, circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are central venous access lines (CVADs) classified?

    <p>Non-tunneled CVADs, skin-tunneled CVADs, implanted subcutaneous ports, PICCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of the cardiac conduction system?

    <p>SA node, Bachmann’s bundle, AV node, bundle of His, and Perkinje fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ECG monitoring tool is used for long-term monitoring?

    <p>Holter monitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ECG interpretation involve?

    <p>P-wave, P-R interval, QRS complex, and criteria for normal rhythms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential complications of pacemakers?

    <p>Failure to capture or sense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the emergency rhythms that may require CPR and defibrillation?

    <p>Ventricular fibrillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cardiac rhythm may be normal in trained athletes or during sleep?

    <p>Sinus bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can atrial fibrillation lead to?

    <p>Decreased cardiac output, thrombus formation, and stroke risk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an emergency rhythm that can be associated with myocardial infarction or electrolyte imbalance?

    <p>Ventricular tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medications are used for atrial fibrillation?

    <p>Rate and rhythm controlling medications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential treatment for sinus bradycardia?

    <p>Atropine or a pacemaker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stroke management involves different types of strokes and symptoms?

    <p>Acute stroke management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the consequences of inadequate health literacy?

    <p>Increased healthcare costs and poor compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the risk factors for pneumonia?

    <p>Immunocompromised, elderly, and post-op</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the PNEUMONIA acronym stand for in the context of pneumonia assessment?

    <p>Productive cough, Neuro changes, Elevated WBC, Bands, CO2 retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the regulators of Acid-Base Balance in the body?

    <p>Respiratory system (O2/CO2), renal system (bicarbonate), chemical buffers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ABGs (Arterial Blood Gases) in healthcare?

    <p>To measure the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cultural competence in health literacy?

    <p>Interpretation of social practices and recognition of social influences on health information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of pneumonia based on pathogens?

    <p>Bacterial, Viral, Fungal, and Parasitic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can lead to complications when using implantable ports?

    <p>Changing the needle access every 7 days with a Huber needle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in assessing the level of consciousness in high acuity patients?

    <p>Evaluating alertness, orientation, and changes in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause impairments to the level of consciousness?

    <p>Medications, substances, trauma, infection, and shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some risk factors that can influence traumatic brain injuries?

    <p>Falls, car accidents, and age-related factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to primary and secondary brain injuries in traumatic events?

    <p>Primary traumatic events and subsequent inflammatory responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some clinical manifestations of traumatic brain injuries?

    <p>Altered consciousness, pupillary abnormalities, sudden neurological deficits or changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are symptoms commonly associated with concussion?

    <p>Loss of consciousness and sensitivity to light and noise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neurological Assessment and Traumatic Brain Injury Management

    • Implantable ports require needle access change every 7 days, using a Huber needle and may lead to complications like pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, and thrombosis.
    • Assessing the level of consciousness in high acuity patients involves evaluating alertness, orientation, and changes in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).
    • Impairments to level of consciousness can be caused by medications, substances, and various medical conditions, including trauma, infection, and shock.
    • Traumatic brain injuries can result from external physical assaults and are influenced by risk factors such as falls, car accidents, and age-related factors.
    • Primary traumatic events and subsequent inflammatory responses contribute to primary and secondary brain injuries, often leading to complications such as infection and hypoxia.
    • Clinical manifestations of traumatic brain injuries include altered consciousness, pupillary abnormalities, and sudden neurological deficits or changes.
    • Concussion, a common form of TBI, results in temporary neurological impairment and may present with symptoms like loss of consciousness and sensitivity to light and noise.
    • Intracranial pressure (ICP) can increase due to TBI, leading to signs such as mental status changes, irregular breathing, and headache.
    • Management of increased ICP involves interventions to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure, decrease cerebral pressure, and manage stages of compensation.
    • Normal ICP ranges from 5-15mmHg, and cerebral perfusion pressure is influenced by factors like blood pressure and space available in the brain for perfusion.
    • The cardiac output formula, CO = HR x SV, is influenced by factors like contractility, preload, afterload, and diastolic time, which are crucial for optimal heart function.
    • Stroke volume, a component of cardiac output, is influenced by factors like contractility, preload, afterload, and diastolic time, and is essential for understanding heart function.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on assessing consciousness levels, managing traumatic brain injuries, and understanding cardiac output and intracranial pressure.

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