Neuroinflammation and Multiple Sclerosis

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What is the primary response of the CNS to inflammation or injury?

Activation of CNS immune competent glia (correct)

Activation of CNS immune competent oligodendrocytes

Activation of CNS immune competent astrocytes only

Activation of CNS immune competent neurons

What is the term for the inflammation of the CNS in response to bacterial, parasitic or viral infections?

Encephalitis (correct)

Sterile inflammation

Neuroinflammation

Gliosis

What is the primary function of the brain barriers in the CNS?

To allow toxins and pathogens to enter the CNS

To regulate the body's temperature

To allow immune cells to enter the CNS

To protect the neural tissue from toxins and pathogens (correct)

What is the term for the condition characterized by a reactive gliosis in response to inflammation or injury?

Gliosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of sterile inflammation in the CNS?

The absence of germs or pathogens (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the most common and best understood neuroinflammatory disorder?

Multiple sclerosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of microglia in the CNS tissue?

To recognize and take up pathogens and opsonised membranes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of prolonged treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on AD risk?

It reduces the risk of developing AD (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of activated astrocytes in response to tissue injury?

They fill small tissue injuries or line large cavities (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the protein whose increased expression is a marker of astrogliosis?

GFAP (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of frequent, mild inter-current infections on AD patients?

They accelerate disease progression (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of receptor expressed by microglia and astrocytes to recognize pathogens and damage-associated molecules?

Pattern recognition receptor (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the brain and spinal cord in multiple sclerosis?

Demyelination (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of multiple sclerosis diagnosis?

One person every 5 minutes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the immune system in Alzheimer's disease according to the text?

It contributes to the pathology of the disease (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range for the onset of multiple sclerosis?

Age 20-50 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence rate of multiple sclerosis in Northern European and American countries?

80-240 in 100,000 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the gender ratio of multiple sclerosis?

More common in women than in men (2:1) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the current understanding of how EBV infection relates to disease severity in MS?

It is not well known (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor for MS in older children?

Diet and obesity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the symptoms of MS in each person?

The combination of amount and location of damage to the nervous system (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of recovery from MS symptoms?

Days to months (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the current focus of MS management?

Dietary interventions and self-care (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main target of approved MS drugs?

Immune system (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a genetic factor related to MS risk?

Age (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the chance finding of MS lesions in otherwise healthy people?

Radiologically isolated syndrome (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which virus infection has been linked to an increased risk of MS?

Epstein–Barr virus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the first clinically defined MS event?

Clinically isolated syndrome (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between latitude and MS risk?

MS risk increases with distance from the equator (C) Signup and view all the answers