Neuroinflammation and Multiple Sclerosis
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary response of the CNS to inflammation or injury?

  • Activation of CNS immune competent glia (correct)
  • Activation of CNS immune competent oligodendrocytes
  • Activation of CNS immune competent astrocytes only
  • Activation of CNS immune competent neurons
  • What is the term for the inflammation of the CNS in response to bacterial, parasitic or viral infections?

  • Encephalitis (correct)
  • Sterile inflammation
  • Neuroinflammation
  • Gliosis
  • What is the primary function of the brain barriers in the CNS?

  • To allow toxins and pathogens to enter the CNS
  • To regulate the body's temperature
  • To allow immune cells to enter the CNS
  • To protect the neural tissue from toxins and pathogens (correct)
  • What is the term for the condition characterized by a reactive gliosis in response to inflammation or injury?

    <p>Gliosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of sterile inflammation in the CNS?

    <p>The absence of germs or pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the most common and best understood neuroinflammatory disorder?

    <p>Multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of microglia in the CNS tissue?

    <p>To recognize and take up pathogens and opsonised membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of prolonged treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on AD risk?

    <p>It reduces the risk of developing AD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of activated astrocytes in response to tissue injury?

    <p>They fill small tissue injuries or line large cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the protein whose increased expression is a marker of astrogliosis?

    <p>GFAP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of frequent, mild inter-current infections on AD patients?

    <p>They accelerate disease progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of receptor expressed by microglia and astrocytes to recognize pathogens and damage-associated molecules?

    <p>Pattern recognition receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the brain and spinal cord in multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Demyelination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of multiple sclerosis diagnosis?

    <p>One person every 5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the immune system in Alzheimer's disease according to the text?

    <p>It contributes to the pathology of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical age range for the onset of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Age 20-50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence rate of multiple sclerosis in Northern European and American countries?

    <p>80-240 in 100,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gender ratio of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>More common in women than in men (2:1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current understanding of how EBV infection relates to disease severity in MS?

    <p>It is not well known</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk factor for MS in older children?

    <p>Diet and obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the symptoms of MS in each person?

    <p>The combination of amount and location of damage to the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of recovery from MS symptoms?

    <p>Days to months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current focus of MS management?

    <p>Dietary interventions and self-care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main target of approved MS drugs?

    <p>Immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a genetic factor related to MS risk?

    <p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the chance finding of MS lesions in otherwise healthy people?

    <p>Radiologically isolated syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus infection has been linked to an increased risk of MS?

    <p>Epstein–Barr virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the first clinically defined MS event?

    <p>Clinically isolated syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between latitude and MS risk?

    <p>MS risk increases with distance from the equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

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