29 Questions
What is the primary response of the CNS to inflammation or injury?
Activation of CNS immune competent glia
What is the term for the inflammation of the CNS in response to bacterial, parasitic or viral infections?
Encephalitis
What is the primary function of the brain barriers in the CNS?
To protect the neural tissue from toxins and pathogens
What is the term for the condition characterized by a reactive gliosis in response to inflammation or injury?
Gliosis
What is the primary characteristic of sterile inflammation in the CNS?
The absence of germs or pathogens
What is the term for the most common and best understood neuroinflammatory disorder?
Multiple sclerosis
What is the primary function of microglia in the CNS tissue?
To recognize and take up pathogens and opsonised membranes
What is the effect of prolonged treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on AD risk?
It reduces the risk of developing AD
What is the role of activated astrocytes in response to tissue injury?
They fill small tissue injuries or line large cavities
What is the name of the protein whose increased expression is a marker of astrogliosis?
GFAP
What is the effect of frequent, mild inter-current infections on AD patients?
They accelerate disease progression
What is the type of receptor expressed by microglia and astrocytes to recognize pathogens and damage-associated molecules?
Pattern recognition receptor
What is a key characteristic of the brain and spinal cord in multiple sclerosis?
Demyelination
What is the frequency of multiple sclerosis diagnosis?
One person every 5 minutes
What is the role of the immune system in Alzheimer's disease according to the text?
It contributes to the pathology of the disease
What is the typical age range for the onset of multiple sclerosis?
Age 20-50
What is the prevalence rate of multiple sclerosis in Northern European and American countries?
80-240 in 100,000
What is the gender ratio of multiple sclerosis?
More common in women than in men (2:1)
What is the current understanding of how EBV infection relates to disease severity in MS?
It is not well known
What is a significant risk factor for MS in older children?
Diet and obesity
What determines the symptoms of MS in each person?
The combination of amount and location of damage to the nervous system
What is the typical duration of recovery from MS symptoms?
Days to months
What is the current focus of MS management?
Dietary interventions and self-care
What is the main target of approved MS drugs?
Immune system
Which of the following is NOT a genetic factor related to MS risk?
Age
What is the term for the chance finding of MS lesions in otherwise healthy people?
Radiologically isolated syndrome
Which virus infection has been linked to an increased risk of MS?
Epstein–Barr virus
What is the term for the first clinically defined MS event?
Clinically isolated syndrome
What is the relationship between latitude and MS risk?
MS risk increases with distance from the equator
This quiz covers the topics of neuroinflammation and multiple sclerosis, including brain barriers and immunity, gliosis, epidemiology, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment strategies. Learn about the realities of MS and how it affects the brain.
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