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Neuroglial Cells Quiz
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Neuroglial Cells Quiz

Created by
@VeritableJadeite

Questions and Answers

Which type of neuroglial cell is primarily responsible for the myelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system?

  • Ependymal cells
  • Astrocytes
  • Schwann cells (correct)
  • Oligodendrocytes

    • What is the most abundant type of neuroglial cell found in the central nervous system?

  • Astrocytes (correct)
  • Ependymal cells
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Microglial cells

    • Which glial cell type is known to adhere closely to neurons and cover capillaries?

  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Satellite cells
  • Ependymal cells
  • Astrocytes (correct)

    • Which of the following classifications includes ependymocytes and tanycytes?

    <p>Ependymal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Greek word 'astron,' which relates to astrocytes, mean?

    <p>Star</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of neuroglial cell in the peripheral nervous system?

    <p>Oligodendrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neuroglial cell serves a role similar to that of Schwann cells but is located in the central nervous system?

    <p>Oligodendrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary function do astrocytes perform in the central nervous system?

    <p>Provide structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glial cell is known for its ability to proliferate following neuron death?

    <p>Astrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do projection fibers play in the nervous system?

    <p>They provide electrical insulation to prevent interference among neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which primary brain tumor is considered the most benign histologically?

    <p>Astrocytoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What essential function do glial cells serve in relation to neurotransmitter substances?

    <p>They act as barriers to neurotransmitter spread at synapses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the abundance of glial cells compared to neurons?

    <p>Glial cells are 10 times more abundant than neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?

    <p>Formation of myelin sheaths around axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process describes the ability of glial cells to take up excess K+ ions?

    <p>Homeostasis regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do astrocytes play concerning the blood-brain barrier?

    <p>They help maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of microglial cells in the nervous system?

    <p>Phagocytize neuronal debris and microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From where are microglial cells derived?

    <p>Macrophages from outside the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the size of microglial cells?

    <p>They are the smallest of the neuroglial cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique feature do microglial cells exhibit at the site of a lesion?

    <p>They proliferate and present antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What analogy is commonly used to describe the function of microglial cells?

    <p>The policemen of the nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key immune responses that microglial cells participate in?

    <p>Confronting invading organisms with T lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do microglial cells respond to viruses and microorganisms?

    <p>By phagocytizing damaged neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of microglial cells?

    <p>They derive from neuronal lineage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?

    <p>Formation of the myelin sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many axons can a single oligodendrocyte myelinate?

    <p>60 axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes oligodendrocytes from Schwann cells?

    <p>Myelination of multiple axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord?

    <p>Ependymal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural characteristics do ependymal cells possess?

    <p>They have microvilli and cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does the movement of cilia on ependymal cells serve?

    <p>Contribute to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell is involved in providing insulation for nerve fibers in the CNS?

    <p>Oligodendrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about oligodendrocytes is incorrect?

    <p>They are involved in the regeneration of nerve fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of tanycytes?

    <p>To transport chemical substances from cerebrospinal fluid to the hypophyseal portal system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do choroidal epithelial cells prevent the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid?

    <p>By forming tight junctions between adjacent cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes Schwann cells?

    <p>They are the equivalent of oligodendrocytes in the PNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of the myelin sheath formed by Schwann cells?

    <p>One Schwann cell wraps around one segment of an axon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is NOT associated with tanycytes?

    <p>Production of cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the Schwann cell membrane?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What roles do choroidal epithelial cells play in relation to cerebrospinal fluid?

    <p>They protect underlying tissues from fluid leakage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct relationship between Schwann cells and action potential transmission?

    <p>They increase the transmission rate by providing an insulating layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neuroglial Cells

    • Support and protect neurons, comprising about half of the brain's volume.
    • Undergo mitosis, with a population density 10 times greater than neurons.
    • Play roles in metabolic support, mechanical stability, and maintain the blood-brain barrier.
    • Essential in processes like energy metabolism and scar formation after neuronal injury.

    Classifications of Neuroglial Cells

    • Central Nervous System (CNS)

      • Astrocytes: Most abundant and versatile, star-shaped cells that support neurons and maintain the blood-brain barrier.
      • Microglial cells: Derived from macrophages; act as immune cells (the "policemen" of the CNS) to phagocytize debris and protect against pathogens.
      • Ependymal cells: Line brain cavities; assist in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
        • Ependymocytes: Contact CSF, facilitating circulation.
        • Tanycytes: Assist chemical substance transport in the hypothalamus.
        • Choroidal epithelial cells: Form choroid plexus, involved in CSF production while preventing leakage.
      • Oligodendrocytes: Responsible for myelination in the CNS; one cell can myelinate multiple axons.

    • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

      • Schwann cells: Form myelin sheath around individual peripheral axons; essential for fast nerve conduction.
      • Satellite cells: Support and protect neuronal cell bodies in ganglia.

    Functions of Neuroglial Cells

    • Form a structural framework for neurons and associated fibers.
    • Act as electrical insulators to prevent interference among neurons.
    • Regulate ionic balance by removing excess potassium ions during neuronal activity.
    • Serve as phagocytes, removing damaged or degenerating synaptic structures.
    • Guide neuronal migration during development.

    Primary Brain Tumors

    • Type classification: Includes Astrocytoma, Oligodendroglioma, Ependymoma, and Ganglioglioma.
    • Graded from I to IV; glioblastoma multiforme is the most malignant form.
    • Astrocytomas are the most benign gliomas.

    Cerebral White Matter

    • Comprises three types of fibers:
      • Commissure fibers: Connect corresponding regions of the two hemispheres.
      • Association fibers: Connect different regions within the same hemisphere.
      • Projection fibers: Link the cerebral cortex with lower brain regions and the spinal cord.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the various types of neuroglial cells and their functions in the central nervous system. Learn about the roles astrocytes, microglial cells, and ependymal cells play in supporting neurons and maintaining the brain's environment. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of their significance in neuronal health and injury response.

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