Questions and Answers
What are neuroglial cells?
What is the function of astrocytes?
They form the blood-brain barrier by holding together neurons and blood vessels.
What do oligodendrites form around axons?
The myelin sheath.
What is the role of microglia?
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What do ependymal cells form?
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What is the main function of Schwann cells?
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What is a neurolemma?
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What do satellite cells do?
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What does CNS stand for?
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What does PNS stand for?
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What is the function of the afferent division?
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What does the efferent division do?
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What does integration in the nervous system mean?
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What is sensory input?
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What is motor output?
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What is the somatic nervous system responsible for?
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What does the autonomic nervous system control?
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Study Notes
Neuroglial Cells Overview
- Neuroglial cells support, nourish, and facilitate communication between neurons.
Types of Neuroglial Cells
- Astrocytes: Star-shaped cells forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by linking neurons and blood vessels in a two-layered structure.
- Oligodendrites: Responsible for myelin sheath formation around axons in the central nervous system (CNS) and aiding in holding nerve fibers together.
- Microglia: Phagocytic cells that migrate within the CNS, playing a critical role in removing foreign matter and degenerated tissue.
- Ependymal Cells: Epithelial cells lining the brain and spinal cord involved in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production and circulation.
- Schwann Cells: Produce myelin sheaths around axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
- Neurolemma: The outer membrane of Schwann cells crucial for the regeneration of cut or injured nerves.
- Satellite Cells: Provide support to neuron cell bodies in the PNS.
Nervous System Structure
- Central Nervous System (CNS): Comprises the brain and spinal cord.
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Consists of nerves outside the CNS, including 31 spinal nerves and 12 cranial nerves.
Nervous System Functions
- Afferent Division: Nerve fibers that transmit information to the CNS.
- Efferent Division: Nerve fibers that convey impulses away from the CNS.
- Integration: The process of interpreting sensory input and determining necessary actions.
- Sensory Input: The collection of information monitoring changes in the internal and external environment.
- Motor Output: The response generated to integrated stimuli, activating muscles or glands.
Nervous System Subdivisions
- Somatic Nervous System: Involuntary control over skeletal muscles, associated with voluntary actions.
- Autonomic Nervous System: Controls involuntary functions, such as those in cardiac muscles.
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Test your knowledge on neuroglial cells with these engaging flashcards. Learn about their functions, types, and importance in the nervous system. Perfect for anyone studying biology or neuroscience!