Neurofisiología del Sistema Motor
12 Questions
10 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

¿De dónde se originan principalmente las neuronas motoras superiores que forman parte del tracto corticoespinal?

  • Corteza visual
  • Área motora primaria (M1) (correct)
  • Lóbulo temporal
  • Lóbulo frontal
  • ¿Dónde ocurre principalmente la sinapsis entre las neuronas motoras superiores y las neuronas motoras inferiores en la médula espinal?

  • Astas dorsales de la médula espinal
  • Sustancia blanca de la médula espinal
  • Sustancia gris de la médula espinal
  • Astas ventrales de la médula espinal (correct)
  • ¿Qué función cumplen las fibras musculares en relación con las neuronas motoras?

  • Las fibras musculares generan impulsos eléctricos
  • Las fibras musculares transmiten información sensorial
  • Las fibras musculares son inervadas por las neuronas motoras (correct)
  • Las fibras musculares producen neurotransmisores
  • ¿Qué región del cerebro está implicada en áreas no primarias del control motor, además del área motora primaria (M1)?

    <p>Lóbulo parietal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué nombre recibe el conjunto de axones que llevan información relacionada con el movimiento desde la corteza cerebral a la médula espinal?

    <p>Tracto corticoespinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Dónde se localizan principalmente las neuronas motoras inferiores que son controladas por las neuronas motoras superiores?

    <p>Astas ventrales de la médula espinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Cuál es la función principal del tracto corticoespinal lateral?

    <p>Controla los movimientos de las extremidades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué son los reflejos espinales?

    <p>Respuestas automáticas que mantienen la postura y el equilibrio corporal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Cuál es la función del reflejo de estiramiento?

    <p>Mantener la longitud constante de los músculos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué parte del sistema nervioso controla directamente las neuronas motoras inferiores y los músculos esqueléticos?

    <p>Las neuronas motoras inferiores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué sucede cuando tocamos una superficie caliente?

    <p>Se contraen los músculos flexores rápidamente (reflejo flexor)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Cuál es la principal vía por la que las señales de la corteza motora descienden hacia la médula espinal?

    <p>El tracto corticoespinal lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neurophysiology of the Motor System

    Motor Control

    The motor control system involves both central (upper) and peripheral (lower) nervous systems. Upper motor neurons in the primary motor cortex (M1) originate from various areas, including nonprimary motor regions and parts of the parietal lobe like the somatosensory cortex. These neurons travel down into the brainstem as part of large fiber bundles called cerebral peduncles. The corticospinal tract (CST), originating primarily from M1, descends further into the spinal cord, synapsing on lower motor neurons located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.

    Muscle Physiology

    Muscle physiology plays a crucial role in movement generation. The muscle fibers are innervated by motor neurons, with one motor neuron controlling several muscle fibers within a target muscle. The number of fibers controlled by each motor neuron varies depending on the precision needs of the muscles involved. For instance, powerful contractions do not require high precision and may involve more muscle fibers under control of a single motor neuron, while precise movements like eye movements require fewer muscle fibers controlled by each motor neuron.

    Corticospinal Pathway

    The corticospinal pathway, also known as the pyramidal tract, is a collection of axons that carry movement-related information from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. The CST consists of two main branches: the lateral corticospinal tract and the anterior (or ventral) corticospinal tract. The lateral corticospinal tract primarily controls movements in limbs, while the anterior corticospinal tract deals with trunk, neck, and shoulder movements. Cortical signals descend through the CST and synapse at multiple levels within the spinal cord, influencing motor neurons responsible for skeletal muscle contraction.

    Spinal Cord Reflexes

    Spinal reflexes are automatic responses that maintain body posture and balance. These reflexes involve sensory inputs reaching the spinal cord via afferent pathways, triggering motor outputs from local interneurons without involving higher brain centers. For example, when touching a hot surface, flexor muscles contract rapidly (flexor reflex), helping to protect the body from injury before pain signals reach the brain. Stretch reflexes maintain constant muscle length by generating contractions in response to stretch.

    In summary, the neurophysiology of the motor system involves complex interactions between central and peripheral nervous systems, with upper motor neurons originating in the primary motor cortex descending into the spinal cord to control lower motor neurons and skeletal muscles.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Este quiz explora el control motor, la fisiología muscular, la ruta corticoespinal y los reflejos de la médula espinal en el sistema motor. Aprende sobre las interacciones complejas entre los sistemas nerviosos central y periférico, desde los neuronas motoras superiores en la corteza motora primaria hasta la contracción muscular esquelética.

    More Like This

    Motor Systems: Spinal Cord
    25 questions
    Somato-motorisch Systeem en Motorunits
    34 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser