Neurodevelopmental Disorders Part 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for 'conditions existing at or dating from birth'?

  • Intellectual disability
  • Cerebral palsy
  • Congenital abnormalities (correct)
  • Neurobiological disorder

    • What is the result of faulty neural tube formation?

  • Autistic Spectrum Disorder
  • Neural tube defects (correct)
  • Microcephaly
  • Cerebral palsy

    • What is the process by which neurons are formed?

  • Myelination
  • Gliogenesis
  • Apoptosis
  • Neurogenesis (correct)

    • What is the term for the process of programmed cell death?

    <p>Apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition characterized by a smaller than normal head size?

    <p>Microcephaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the structure and function of the brain and nervous system?

    <p>Neuroscience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of migration of pyramidal cells and astrocytes from the ventricular zone?

    <p>Vertically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of the subplate layer in the developing brain?

    <p>It eventually disappears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of apoptosis in the developing brain?

    <p>To remove surplus, unwanted, damaged, or aged cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of dysregulation of apoptosis?

    <p>Inappropriate apoptosis leading to malformations and diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of caspases in neural development and plasticity?

    <p>To facilitate apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consequence of dysregulation of apoptosis?

    <p>Enhanced neurogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Group 1 malformations of cortical development?

    <p>Abnormal neuronal and glial proliferation or apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for ectopic nodules of neurons located in the wrong part of the brain?

    <p>Heterotopias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the malformation characterized by a smooth brain?

    <p>Lissencephaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cortex in the brain?

    <p>Processing of sensory information and higher functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of abnormal synaptogenesis during brain development?

    <p>Increased risk of epilepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for multiple small folds in the brain?

    <p>Polymicrogyria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the syndrome characterized by megalencephaly and capillary malformation?

    <p>Megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Down's Syndrome?

    <p>Trisomy 21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many genes are included in the gene panel for cortical malformations?

    <p>45 genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of inappropriate apoptosis during brain development?

    <p>Reduced neuronal numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of GIRK2 in brain development?

    <p>Regulation of synaptic plasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when myelination goes wrong during brain development?

    <p>Disrupted neuronal signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of myelination in neuronal circuitry?

    <p>To speed up transmission and avoid interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for disorders characterized by the demyelination of neurons?

    <p>Leucodystrophies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of Intellectual Disability (ID/LD)?

    <p>A significantly reduced ability to understand new or complex information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical IQ range for individuals with Mild/Moderate Intellectual Disability?

    <p>Between 50 and 70</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for disorders related to the cystic degeneration of myelin?

    <p>Disorders related to cystic degeneration of myelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease?

    <p>It is a X-linked disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

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