Neurodevelopmental Disorders Part 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for 'conditions existing at or dating from birth'?

  • Intellectual disability
  • Cerebral palsy
  • Congenital abnormalities (correct)
  • Neurobiological disorder

What is the result of faulty neural tube formation?

  • Autistic Spectrum Disorder
  • Neural tube defects (correct)
  • Microcephaly
  • Cerebral palsy

What is the process by which neurons are formed?

  • Myelination
  • Gliogenesis
  • Apoptosis
  • Neurogenesis (correct)

What is the term for the process of programmed cell death?

<p>Apoptosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by a smaller than normal head size?

<p>Microcephaly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of the structure and function of the brain and nervous system?

<p>Neuroscience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of migration of pyramidal cells and astrocytes from the ventricular zone?

<p>Vertically (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the subplate layer in the developing brain?

<p>It eventually disappears (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of apoptosis in the developing brain?

<p>To remove surplus, unwanted, damaged, or aged cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of dysregulation of apoptosis?

<p>Inappropriate apoptosis leading to malformations and diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of caspases in neural development and plasticity?

<p>To facilitate apoptosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of dysregulation of apoptosis?

<p>Enhanced neurogenesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Group 1 malformations of cortical development?

<p>Abnormal neuronal and glial proliferation or apoptosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for ectopic nodules of neurons located in the wrong part of the brain?

<p>Heterotopias (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the malformation characterized by a smooth brain?

<p>Lissencephaly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cortex in the brain?

<p>Processing of sensory information and higher functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of abnormal synaptogenesis during brain development?

<p>Increased risk of epilepsy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for multiple small folds in the brain?

<p>Polymicrogyria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the syndrome characterized by megalencephaly and capillary malformation?

<p>Megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Down's Syndrome?

<p>Trisomy 21 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many genes are included in the gene panel for cortical malformations?

<p>45 genes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of inappropriate apoptosis during brain development?

<p>Reduced neuronal numbers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of GIRK2 in brain development?

<p>Regulation of synaptic plasticity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when myelination goes wrong during brain development?

<p>Disrupted neuronal signaling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of myelination in neuronal circuitry?

<p>To speed up transmission and avoid interference (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for disorders characterized by the demyelination of neurons?

<p>Leucodystrophies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Intellectual Disability (ID/LD)?

<p>A significantly reduced ability to understand new or complex information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical IQ range for individuals with Mild/Moderate Intellectual Disability?

<p>Between 50 and 70 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for disorders related to the cystic degeneration of myelin?

<p>Disorders related to cystic degeneration of myelin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease?

<p>It is a X-linked disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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