Neurodevelopmental Disorders Part 1

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What is the term for 'conditions existing at or dating from birth'?

Intellectual disability

Cerebral palsy

Congenital abnormalities (correct)

Neurobiological disorder

What is the result of faulty neural tube formation?

Autistic Spectrum Disorder

Neural tube defects (correct)

Microcephaly

Cerebral palsy

What is the process by which neurons are formed?

Myelination

Gliogenesis

Apoptosis

Neurogenesis (correct)

What is the term for the process of programmed cell death?

Apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by a smaller than normal head size?

Microcephaly Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of the structure and function of the brain and nervous system?

Neuroscience Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of migration of pyramidal cells and astrocytes from the ventricular zone?

Vertically Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the subplate layer in the developing brain?

It eventually disappears Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of apoptosis in the developing brain?

To remove surplus, unwanted, damaged, or aged cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of dysregulation of apoptosis?

Inappropriate apoptosis leading to malformations and diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of caspases in neural development and plasticity?

To facilitate apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of dysregulation of apoptosis?

Enhanced neurogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Group 1 malformations of cortical development?

Abnormal neuronal and glial proliferation or apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for ectopic nodules of neurons located in the wrong part of the brain?

Heterotopias Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the malformation characterized by a smooth brain?

Lissencephaly Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cortex in the brain?

Processing of sensory information and higher functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of abnormal synaptogenesis during brain development?

Increased risk of epilepsy Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for multiple small folds in the brain?

Polymicrogyria Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the syndrome characterized by megalencephaly and capillary malformation?

Megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Down's Syndrome?

Trisomy 21 Signup and view all the answers

How many genes are included in the gene panel for cortical malformations?

45 genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of inappropriate apoptosis during brain development?

Reduced neuronal numbers Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of GIRK2 in brain development?

Regulation of synaptic plasticity Signup and view all the answers

What happens when myelination goes wrong during brain development?

Disrupted neuronal signaling Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of myelination in neuronal circuitry?

To speed up transmission and avoid interference Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for disorders characterized by the demyelination of neurons?

Leucodystrophies Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Intellectual Disability (ID/LD)?

A significantly reduced ability to understand new or complex information Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical IQ range for individuals with Mild/Moderate Intellectual Disability?

Between 50 and 70 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for disorders related to the cystic degeneration of myelin?

Disorders related to cystic degeneration of myelin Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease?

It is a X-linked disorder Signup and view all the answers