Neurodevelopmental Disorders Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary factor used to define the severity of intellectual disability as per the diagnostic criteria?

  • Age of the individual
  • Behavioral assessments
  • Adaptive functioning (correct)
  • IQ scores

    • Which of the following severity levels is NOT one of the specified levels for intellectual disability?

  • Mild
  • Extreme (correct)
  • Severe
  • Moderate

    • In young children under the age of 5, which diagnosis may be given if they do not reach developmental milestones?

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder
  • Global developmental delay (correct)
  • Social communication disorder
  • Intellectual disability

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of autism spectrum disorder related to social communication?

    <p>Unusual ways of starting conversations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect is highlighted as less valid for assessing intellectual disability in individuals with lower IQ scores?

    <p>IQ measures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which difficulty is NOT typically associated with autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Physical aggression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would be included in determining the severity of autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Impact of social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the three criteria that must be met to diagnose someone with intellectual disability?

    <p>Below average height (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of communication challenge involves mismatched verbal and nonverbal cues?

    <p>Nonverbal communication problems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of adaptive functioning in individuals with intellectual disability?

    <p>It relates to their ability to meet everyday standards for independence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which quality must be present for a diagnosis of intellectual disability regarding age?

    <p>Deficits beginning before the age of 18 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is 'global developmental delay' primarily characterized?

    <p>Significant challenges across multiple developmental areas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these best defines social communication difficulties in relation to intellectual disability?

    <p>Challenges in interacting and communicating with others (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact can intellectual disability have on a person's daily life?

    <p>Struggles to meet cultural and age-appropriate standards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is crucial to understanding the severity specifiers in intellectual disability?

    <p>Level of support required for daily functioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary areas are impacted by the challenges presented in intellectual disability?

    <p>Intellectual abilities, social skills, and practical life skills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary basis for determining the severity of autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Social communication impairments and restricted behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be true regarding the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder for a diagnosis?

    <p>They must be present in the early developmental period (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition must not be better explained by autism spectrum disorder for a valid diagnosis?

    <p>Global developmental delay (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does autism spectrum disorder manifest in social communication?

    <p>Difficulty in understanding body language and social cues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an unusual interest that may be seen in an individual with autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Intense interest in rare and specific subjects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does autism spectrum disorder have on an individual's functioning in society?

    <p>Clinically significant impairment in important areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of reaction might someone with autism spectrum disorder have to sensory input?

    <p>Indifference to temperature or pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common behavioral pattern in individuals with autism spectrum disorder?

    <p>Rigid adherence to routines and patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Intellectual Disability Severity

    Severity of intellectual disability is measured by adaptive functioning, not IQ, determining the level of support required.

    Mild Intellectual Disability

    A level of intellectual disability with relatively fewer functional limitations compared to other levels.

    Moderate Intellectual Disability

    Level of intellectual disability with moderate difficulties with daily activities and requiring more support than mild.

    Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Social Communication

    Significant communication challenges in social interactions, including nonverbal cues, initiating conversations, and understanding social cues.

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    Global Developmental Delay (GDD)

    Diagnosis for young children (under 5) whose developmental milestones aren't clear in several areas of development; needs further evaluation.

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    ASD Repetitive Behaviors

    Behaviors, interests, or activities that are limited and repetitive. Examples include intense interest in specific topics, repetitive movements, or resistance to changes.

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    Impairment Severity of ASD

    Severity of ASD is determined by the extent of social communication challenges and repetitive behaviors.

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    Social Participation

    Interaction with others and engagement in social settings, including home, school, community.

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    Repetitive Behaviors

    Repeating movements, using objects, or speaking in the same way repeatedly.

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    Need for Routines

    Strict adherence to routines, difficulty with changes, and patterns in words/actions.

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    Unusual Interests

    Intense, unusual interests or attachment to specific objects.

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    Sensory Issues

    Unusual reactions to sensory input (e.g., sounds, textures).

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    Early Developmental Period

    Symptoms present during early childhood development.

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    Clinical Significance

    Symptoms causing significant issues in everyday life (social, work, etc.).

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    Intellectual Disability Distinction

    Symptoms not solely explained by intellectual disability.

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    Comorbid Autism & Intellectual Disability

    Autism and intellectual disability can occur together; social communication must be below expected developmental level.

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    Neurodevelopmental Disorders

    Disabilities affecting brain function emerging at birth or early childhood, impacting behavior, memory, concentration, and learning abilities; some may improve with age.

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    Intellectual Disability (ID)

    A neurodevelopmental disorder causing difficulties in intellectual abilities and everyday functioning, affecting thinking, social skills, and practical life skills.

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    ID Criteria: Intellectual Abilities

    Difficulties in reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, learning, and learning from experience, as measured clinically.

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    ID Criteria: Everyday Functioning

    Problems meeting age-appropriate and cultural standards of independence and responsibility in daily life, affecting social, conceptual, and practical skills.

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    ID Criteria #3

    Without support, challenges significantly limit daily functioning and are present from the developmental period (before age 18).

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    Developmental Period

    The time period before the age of 18, when the significant challenges in intellectual disability begin.

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    Clinical Assessments

    Evaluations conducted by medical professionals to assess cognitive abilities and intellectual functions.

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    Personalized Intelligence Tests

    Intelligences tests that are tailored, designed or adjusted to the individual's needs and characteristics.

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    Study Notes

    Neurodevelopmental Disorders

    • Neurodevelopmental disorders are disabilities affecting brain function, appearing at birth or early childhood, impacting behavior, memory, concentration, and learning ability.
    • Some disorders improve with age, others have lasting impact.
    • These disorders cause delays in personal, social, school, and work skills.
    • Delays range from specific learning or behavioral problems to broader challenges in school skills or intelligence.
    • Symptoms may be extra behaviors or difficulties reaching developmental milestones.

    Intellectual Disability

    • Intellectual disability (formerly mental retardation) is a neurodevelopmental disorder.
    • It affects intellectual abilities and everyday skills (thinking, social skills, daily living).
    • Key features include challenges with reasoning, problem-solving , planning, abstract thinking and learning.
    • Difficulty with social, conceptual, and practical skills, impacting independence and responsibility in daily life.
    • Deficits begin in the developmental period (before age 18).

    Intellectual Disability Diagnostic Criteria

    • Three criteria must be met for intellectual disability diagnosis:
      • Difficulties in intellectual abilities (assessed through tests).
      • Problems with everyday skills, falling below expected age-appropriate standards for independence.
      • Without support, these challenges limit daily functioning.

    Intellectual Disability Specifiers/Diagnostic Criteria

    • Severity levels are assessed: Mild, Moderate, Severe, Profound.
    • Based on adaptive functioning (not IQ), as IQ measures are less reliable at lower levels. Assessment of social participation, academic or occupational functioning, and personal independence are needed..

    Autism Spectrum Disorder

    • Marked by unresponsiveness to others, severe communication deficits, and highly repetitive behaviors/interests/activities.

    • Diagnostic criteria focus on ongoing difficulties in social communication and interaction, shown in different situations (e.g., unusual social interactions, communication challenges including nonverbal, and relationship difficulties).

    • Also includes limited repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, and activities (e.g., repeating movements, needing routines, intense interest in specific things).

    • Symptoms are present in early development but may not be fully apparent until social demands increase, potentially masked by learned strategies.

    • Severity is assessed based on social communication impairments and repetitive behaviors (see Table 2).

    • Autism spectrum disorder is not better explained by intellectual disability or global developmental delay.

    • Co-occurrence with intellectual disability is possible. Severity level is determined by how much social communication and repetitive behaviors are affected.

    • Adaptive functions are considered in evaluating the severity

    Global Developmental Delay

    • Difficulty assessing severity in children under 5.
    • Some children do not reach developmental milestones in several areas but are too young for detailed testing.
    • Diagnosed as "global developmental delay" and needs reevaluation as they get older, as developmental milestones should be assessed.

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    Neurodevelopmental Disorders Lesson 8 PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the characteristics and implications of neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly focusing on intellectual disabilities. Understand the effects on behavior, learning, and social skills in individuals affected by these disorders. Test your knowledge about their developmental milestones and challenges.

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