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Questions and Answers
What is the primary factor used to define the severity of intellectual disability as per the diagnostic criteria?
What is the primary factor used to define the severity of intellectual disability as per the diagnostic criteria?
Which of the following severity levels is NOT one of the specified levels for intellectual disability?
Which of the following severity levels is NOT one of the specified levels for intellectual disability?
In young children under the age of 5, which diagnosis may be given if they do not reach developmental milestones?
In young children under the age of 5, which diagnosis may be given if they do not reach developmental milestones?
Which of the following is a characteristic of autism spectrum disorder related to social communication?
Which of the following is a characteristic of autism spectrum disorder related to social communication?
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What aspect is highlighted as less valid for assessing intellectual disability in individuals with lower IQ scores?
What aspect is highlighted as less valid for assessing intellectual disability in individuals with lower IQ scores?
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Which difficulty is NOT typically associated with autism spectrum disorder?
Which difficulty is NOT typically associated with autism spectrum disorder?
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Which of the following would be included in determining the severity of autism spectrum disorder?
Which of the following would be included in determining the severity of autism spectrum disorder?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the three criteria that must be met to diagnose someone with intellectual disability?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three criteria that must be met to diagnose someone with intellectual disability?
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What type of communication challenge involves mismatched verbal and nonverbal cues?
What type of communication challenge involves mismatched verbal and nonverbal cues?
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What is the significance of adaptive functioning in individuals with intellectual disability?
What is the significance of adaptive functioning in individuals with intellectual disability?
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Which quality must be present for a diagnosis of intellectual disability regarding age?
Which quality must be present for a diagnosis of intellectual disability regarding age?
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How is 'global developmental delay' primarily characterized?
How is 'global developmental delay' primarily characterized?
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Which of these best defines social communication difficulties in relation to intellectual disability?
Which of these best defines social communication difficulties in relation to intellectual disability?
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What impact can intellectual disability have on a person's daily life?
What impact can intellectual disability have on a person's daily life?
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Which aspect is crucial to understanding the severity specifiers in intellectual disability?
Which aspect is crucial to understanding the severity specifiers in intellectual disability?
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What primary areas are impacted by the challenges presented in intellectual disability?
What primary areas are impacted by the challenges presented in intellectual disability?
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What is the primary basis for determining the severity of autism spectrum disorder?
What is the primary basis for determining the severity of autism spectrum disorder?
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What must be true regarding the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder for a diagnosis?
What must be true regarding the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder for a diagnosis?
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Which condition must not be better explained by autism spectrum disorder for a valid diagnosis?
Which condition must not be better explained by autism spectrum disorder for a valid diagnosis?
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How does autism spectrum disorder manifest in social communication?
How does autism spectrum disorder manifest in social communication?
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Which of the following is an example of an unusual interest that may be seen in an individual with autism spectrum disorder?
Which of the following is an example of an unusual interest that may be seen in an individual with autism spectrum disorder?
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What effect does autism spectrum disorder have on an individual's functioning in society?
What effect does autism spectrum disorder have on an individual's functioning in society?
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What kind of reaction might someone with autism spectrum disorder have to sensory input?
What kind of reaction might someone with autism spectrum disorder have to sensory input?
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What is a common behavioral pattern in individuals with autism spectrum disorder?
What is a common behavioral pattern in individuals with autism spectrum disorder?
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Study Notes
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Neurodevelopmental disorders are disabilities affecting brain function, appearing at birth or early childhood, impacting behavior, memory, concentration, and learning ability.
- Some disorders improve with age, others have lasting impact.
- These disorders cause delays in personal, social, school, and work skills.
- Delays range from specific learning or behavioral problems to broader challenges in school skills or intelligence.
- Symptoms may be extra behaviors or difficulties reaching developmental milestones.
Intellectual Disability
- Intellectual disability (formerly mental retardation) is a neurodevelopmental disorder.
- It affects intellectual abilities and everyday skills (thinking, social skills, daily living).
- Key features include challenges with reasoning, problem-solving , planning, abstract thinking and learning.
- Difficulty with social, conceptual, and practical skills, impacting independence and responsibility in daily life.
- Deficits begin in the developmental period (before age 18).
Intellectual Disability Diagnostic Criteria
- Three criteria must be met for intellectual disability diagnosis:
- Difficulties in intellectual abilities (assessed through tests).
- Problems with everyday skills, falling below expected age-appropriate standards for independence.
- Without support, these challenges limit daily functioning.
Intellectual Disability Specifiers/Diagnostic Criteria
- Severity levels are assessed: Mild, Moderate, Severe, Profound.
- Based on adaptive functioning (not IQ), as IQ measures are less reliable at lower levels. Assessment of social participation, academic or occupational functioning, and personal independence are needed..
Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Marked by unresponsiveness to others, severe communication deficits, and highly repetitive behaviors/interests/activities.
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Diagnostic criteria focus on ongoing difficulties in social communication and interaction, shown in different situations (e.g., unusual social interactions, communication challenges including nonverbal, and relationship difficulties).
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Also includes limited repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, and activities (e.g., repeating movements, needing routines, intense interest in specific things).
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Symptoms are present in early development but may not be fully apparent until social demands increase, potentially masked by learned strategies.
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Severity is assessed based on social communication impairments and repetitive behaviors (see Table 2).
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Autism spectrum disorder is not better explained by intellectual disability or global developmental delay.
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Co-occurrence with intellectual disability is possible. Severity level is determined by how much social communication and repetitive behaviors are affected.
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Adaptive functions are considered in evaluating the severity
Global Developmental Delay
- Difficulty assessing severity in children under 5.
- Some children do not reach developmental milestones in several areas but are too young for detailed testing.
- Diagnosed as "global developmental delay" and needs reevaluation as they get older, as developmental milestones should be assessed.
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Description
This quiz explores the characteristics and implications of neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly focusing on intellectual disabilities. Understand the effects on behavior, learning, and social skills in individuals affected by these disorders. Test your knowledge about their developmental milestones and challenges.
