Neuroanatomy Lecture 2: Meninges
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Questions and Answers

What is the shape of the falx cerebri?

  • Crescent-shaped (correct)
  • Circular-shaped
  • Sickle-shaped
  • Triangular-shaped

    • What runs along the attachment of the tentorium cerebelli to the falx cerebri?

  • Inferior sagittal sinus
  • Superior sagittal sinus
  • Straight sinus (correct)
  • Transverse sinus

    • What is the function of the tentorium cerebelli?

  • It forms the walls of the posterior cranial fossa and supports the parietal lobes
  • It supports the frontal lobes of the cerebral hemisphere
  • It forms the roof of the posterior cranial fossa and supports the occipital lobes (correct)
  • It forms the floor of the posterior cranial fossa and supports the temporal lobes

    • What is the attachment site of the falx cerebri?

    <p>Base of the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the falx cerebelli?

    <p>Sickle-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What runs along the attachment of the tentorium cerebelli to the petrous bone?

    <p>Superior petrosal sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tentorial notch?

    <p>It allows for the passage of the midbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the attachment site of the falx cerebelli?

    <p>Internal occipital crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the meninges?

    <p>Mechanical protection of brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of dura mater lines the inner surface of bones?

    <p>Endosteal layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the dural venous sinuses?

    <p>Venous drainage of cranium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many septa are sent inward by the meningeal layer?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the septum that lies in the midline between the two cerebral hemispheres?

    <p>Falx cerebri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the septa sent inward by the meningeal layer?

    <p>To restrict rotatory displacement of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the sinus located in the Falx cerebri?

    <p>Inferior sagittal sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the endosteal layer of the dura mater of the cranium meet the endosteal layer of the dura mater of the spinal cord?

    <p>They do not meet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of arachnoid granulations?

    <p>To allow CSF to re-enter the blood circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of subdural hemorrhage?

    <p>Between arachnoid mater and pia mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of subarachnoid hemorrhage?

    <p>Withdrawing heavily blood-stained cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the subarachnoid space?

    <p>To separate arachnoid mater from pia mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the superior cistern?

    <p>Around the superior sagittal sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of epidural hemorrhage?

    <p>Bleeding between inner surface of skull and outer layer of dura mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the arachnoid mater?

    <p>To cover the brain and lie between dura mater and pia mater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cistern that lies around the brainstem?

    <p>Interpeduncular cistern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the posterior fixed margin of the diaphragma sellae located?

    <p>Occipital sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the small opening in the center of the diaphragma sellae?

    <p>Allows passage of the pituitary gland stalk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve branch is responsible for the innervation of the dura in the anterior cranial fossa?

    <p>Anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves branch of ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of stimulation of sensory endings of the trigeminal nerve above the level of the tentorium cerebelli?

    <p>Referred pain in the form of headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery provides the most significant blood supply to the dura?

    <p>Middle meningeal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein drains the blood from the middle meningeal artery?

    <p>Maxillary vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of stimulation of sensory endings of the trigeminal nerve below the level of the tentorium cerebelli?

    <p>Referred pain to the back of the neck and scalp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the dura that is innervated by the first three cervical nerves and the vagus nerve?

    <p>Below the tentorium cerebelli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Meninges

    • Definition: Three protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord in the skull and vertebral column
    • Functions: Mechanical protection of brain and spinal cord, protection of cerebral and spinal blood vessels, and pathway for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

    Dura Mater

    • Consists of two layers: endosteal layer and meningeal layer
    • Endosteal layer lines the inner surface of bones, while meningeal layer is a dense, strong, fibrous membrane covering the brain
    • Dural venous sinuses are located between the two layers, responsible for venous drainage of the cranium
    • Meningeal layer sends inward four septa, dividing the cranial cavity and lodging subdivisions of the brain, restricting rotatory displacement

    Septa of Dura Mater

    • Four septa: Falx Cerebri, Falx Cerebelli, Tentorium Cerebelli, and Diaphragma Sellae
    • Functions: restrict rotatory displacement of brain, divide cranial cavity, and lodge subdivisions of brain

    Falx Cerebri

    • Shape: sickle-shaped fold of dura mater
    • Location: lies in the midline between two cerebral hemispheres
    • Two ends: anterior end attached to internal frontal crest and crista galli, posterior end blends with tentorium cerebelli
    • Base: upper fixed margin attached to skull, where superior sagittal sinus runs
    • Inferior sagittal sinus runs in its lower free margin, and straight sinus runs along its attachment to tentorium cerebelli

    Tentorium Cerebelli

    • Shape: crescent-shaped fold of dura mater
    • Location: forms the roof of the posterior cranial fossa, covering the cerebellum and supporting the occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres
    • Attached to falx cerebri and falx cerebelli, with an inner free border and an outer fixed border
    • Tentorial notch: gap in front, allowing passage of the midbrain
    • Sinuses attach to tentorium cerebelli: straight sinus, superior petrosal sinus, and transverse sinus

    Falx Cerebelli

    • Shape: small, sickle-shaped fold of dura mater
    • Location: attached to internal occipital crest, projects forward between two cerebellar hemispheres
    • Posterior fixed margin contains the occipital sinus

    Diaphragma Sellae

    • Shape: small, circular fold of dura mater
    • Location: forms the roof of the sella turcica
    • Small opening in its center allows passage of the stalk of the pituitary gland

    Dural Nerve Supply

    • Innervation:
      • Anterior cranial fossa: anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves (ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve)
      • Middle cranial fossa: recurrent meningeal branch, meningeal branch of maxillary division, and meningeal branch of mandibular division (all trigeminal nerve)
      • Posterior cranial fossa: above tentorium cerebelli, recurrent meningeal branch (ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve); below tentorium cerebelli, first three cervical nerves and vagus nerve
    • Trigeminal nerve stimulation produces referred pain: headache above level of tentorium cerebelli, neck stiffness below level of tentorium cerebelli

    Dural Blood Supply

    • Small branches: internal carotid and maxillary arteries
    • Middle meningeal artery is of greater significance
    • Veins: middle meningeal vein follows branches of middle meningeal artery and drains into maxillary vein

    Arachnoid Mater

    • Delicate, impermeable membrane covering the brain and lying between dura mater and pia mater
    • Subdural space: potential space between arachnoid and dura mater
    • Subarachnoid space: potential space between arachnoid and pia mater, filled with CSF
    • Arachnoid granulations: small projections into superior sagittal venous sinus
    • Subarachnoid cisterns: areas where arachnoid and pia are widely separated, e.g., chiasmatic, interpeduncular, pontine, cerebellomedullary, and superior cisterns

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    Description

    This quiz covers the definition and functions of meninges, the three protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

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