Neuro Trauma and Head Injuries

<p>Reversible neurological injury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ventriculostomy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glasgow Coma Scale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cushing's Response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining patent airway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By generating an osmotic pressure difference (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bradycardia, hypertension, and bradypnea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrolyte imbalance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient is experiencing cerebral ischemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreasing systemic blood pressure excessively (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unarousable unresponsiveness without purposeful responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sleep-wake cycles without cognitive awareness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptoms can be delayed until the hematoma causes pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stabilizing cardiovascular and respiratory function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediate coma and potential rigidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control measures and supportive care (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps to measure the depth of coma and responsiveness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systolic hypertension with bradycardia and irregular respirations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Level of Consciousness; a measure of the patient's responsiveness and awareness

Elevated intracranial pressure, a critical condition decreasing cerebral blood flow and potentially causing brain herniation.

Bradycardia, hypertension, and bradypnea (slow breathing) - characteristic late signs of increased intracranial pressure.

A tool to assess the level of responsiveness in a patient, important for coma or altered sensorium.

An osmotic diuretic used to lower intracranial pressure by drawing fluid from brain tissue into the bloodstream.

Swelling of the brain tissue

An open and clear airway for breathing

Blood flow to the brain tissue

Mannitol becomes ineffective in lowering intracranial pressure when the serum osmolality exceeds 320 mOsm.

Early signs of increased ICP include disorientation, restlessness, increased respiratory effort, purposeless movements, and mental confusion.

Late signs of increased ICP include pupil changes, impaired extraocular movements, weakness in one extremity or one side of the body, and a headache that is constant or increasing in intensity, aggravated by movement or straining.

Ventriculostomy is used for monitoring ICP and draining CSF, particularly during acute pressure increases. It can also be used to drain blood from the ventricle.

Brain death occurs when a patient has sustained a severe neurologic injury not compatible with life, with cessation of all brain function resulting from an irreversible cause.

A brain injury resulting in bruising and potential surface bleeding. It can cause unconsciousness for seconds or minutes, with symptoms varying based on the injury's size and swelling. Long-term recovery may be needed, potentially leading to headaches, dizziness, cognitive impairment, or seizures.

Widespread damage to multiple brain areas leading to immediate coma. Characterized by brain swelling, rigid posturing, and potential delayed diagnosis. Recovery depends on the severity of the axonal disruption.

Bleeding within the brain tissue. It can result from forceful impacts, gunshot wounds, or stabbings. May manifest as neurological deficits followed by headaches.

Bleeding within the skull. Hematomas (blood clots) form, and symptoms might not appear until they become large enough to cause pressure.

A state of reduced awareness and responsiveness. Can range from being disoriented to a complete lack of responsiveness.

A condition where a patient regains sleep-wake cycles after a coma but lacks cognitive and emotional function.

A condition resulting from damage to the brainstem. Patients are paralyzed and unable to speak, but retain vertical eye movements and lid elevation as a means of communication.