Questions and Answers
Which components are included in a Neurologic Assessment?
Why is neurologic assessment important to a respiratory therapist?
Injuries that involve the nervous system often affect a patient's respiratory system.
What are the two major parts of the Neurologic System?
What are the three main parts of the Central Nervous System?
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What is the function of the Cerebrum?
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Where is the Brain Stem located?
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What is the role of the Cerebellum?
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What does the Spinal Cord connect?
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What are the Phrenic Nerves responsible for?
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The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to assess the neurologic status of patients with head injuries.
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The assessment of consciousness includes the level of ______ and ______.
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What score on the Glasgow Coma Scale indicates that a patient should be intubated?
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What does the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale measure?
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How is a Motor Examination conducted?
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What is indicated by Decorticate posturing?
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What is the response generated by a Deep Tendon Reflex?
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What happens during the Plantar Reflex assessment?
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Dorsiflexion refers to an upward response of the ______ as a reaction to stimulation of the sole of the foot.
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Study Notes
Neurologic Assessment Components
- Mental Status, Motor Function, Sensory System, Reflexes are essential facets of neurologic assessment.
- Evaluation provides critical insights into a patient’s neurological health.
Importance to Respiratory Therapists
- Neurologic injuries can significantly impact a patient’s respiratory status, making awareness crucial for respiratory therapy.
Structure of the Nervous System
- Comprised of two main divisions: Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
Central Nervous System Overview
- Contains three primary components: Cerebrum, Brain Stem, Cerebellum.
Cerebrum Details
- Composed of two hemispheres; lesions can lead to motor and intellectual impairments.
Brain Stem Features
- Connects the brain to the spinal cord; home to most cranial nerves.
- Includes midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
Cerebellum Functions
- Located at the back of the brain; responsible for balance, muscle tone, and coordination.
Spinal Cord Structure
- Extends from the base of the brain to the first lumbar vertebra.
- Contains vital spinal nerves for respiration, especially phrenic nerves for diaphragm control.
- Divided into thoracic (T1-T12), lumbar (L1-L5), and sacral (S1-S5) sections.
Phrenic Nerve Anatomy
- Emerges from C3-C5 and innervates the diaphragm, crucial for breathing.
Assessing Consciousness Levels
- Consciousness assessment spans wakefulness and alertness; high-level functions reside in cerebral hemispheres.
- Conditions like delirium affect 60-80% of ventilated patients with fluctuating consciousness.
- Categories of consciousness include comatose and persistent vegetative states.
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
- Widely used tool for evaluating neurologic status in head injury patients.
- Measures best motor response, verbal response, and eye-opening; a score below 8 necessitates intubation.
Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale
- Assesses agitation and sedation in ICU patients; ranges from calm (0) to combative (+4) and unresponsive (-5).
Sensory Examination Techniques
- Involves testing a patient's response to stimuli at specific sites, assessing modalities like pain, temperature, and touch.
- Compare responses between both sides of the body for consistency.
Motor Examination Procedures
- Evaluates the patient's voluntary movement using a scale from 0 (no movement) to +5 (full strength and range of motion).
Assessing Unconscious Patients' Motor Responses
- In non-responsive patients, observe reactions to stimulus application, including sternal and peripheral pressure.
Decorticate Posturing
- Indicates possible cerebral hemisphere damage; characterized by flexed arms, adduction, and internal leg rotation with flexed feet.
Decerebrate Posturing
- Suggests brain stem damage; features include extended arms, pronated hands, and flexed fingers with extended legs.
Deep Tendon Reflex Definition
- Tests like the patellar reflex should be done for patients with spinal injuries; graded from 0-5 based on response.
Superficial Reflex Characteristics
- Plantar reflex, crucial for assessing comatose patients; involves downward foot flexing in healthy adults when stimulated.
Dorsiflexion Response
- An upward motion of the large toe indicates a response to stimulus applied to the foot’s sole.
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Description
Explore key concepts from Chapter 18 of Eagan's text on Intracranial Pressure Monitoring. This quiz focuses on neurologic assessment, its significance for respiratory therapy, and the major parts of the neurologic system. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of neuro disorders.
